Improvement of the Electrical Network Stability by Using a Renewable Distributed Generator

Introduction

The development of wind and photovoltaic energy systems enters within the overall framework of the fight against climate changes (Shahryaria et al., 2019). The major contribution would be that of wind power. Moreover, the particular contexts of the island systems lead to a rapid development of wind energy production (Zabihollah et al., 2018). The most of the integrated wind turbines in the world operate either in the grid connected mode or islanded mode (Somnath and Ashok, 2018). The major problem of today, which would make it difficult to integrate wind turbines continuously, is that they generally do not participate in system services, particularly frequency and voltage control because its intermittent form (Jihane and Mohamed, 2019). Thus, to maintain a secure operation and system reliability with high penetration of renewable energy system, Energy Storage System (ESS) is required to mitigate uncertainties of this renewable source in more and more grid codes to deal with their intermittent nature (Youssef et al., 2019). If suitably deployed, ESS can help operators to manage variability effectively in generation and load. However, the energy storage technology faces limitations, such as high cost, the life span is limited by the number of charge/discharge cycles and the inverse proportionality between specific energy and specific power (Jamila et al., 2018). The most suitable storage system is the battery because it is a proven technology and has a good ratio performance/cost and is suitable for constant power utilization (Cabrane et al., 2016). However, a regular maintenance is necessary for this storage system. In other hand, Super-Capacitors (SC) are characterized by their high efficiency, energy transfer in short duration (Perdana et al., 2018). The envisaged applications for supercapacitors include the automobile, urban public transport and renewable energies (Changfu et al., 2018). In the automotive segment, supercapacitors technology satisfies start-up functions, especially low-temperature constraints, and power unit of hybrid traction chain. Also, it can improve the energy efficiency of tramway and metros by allowing the recovery of braking energy, which allows an increase in traffic without grid investment and reduces the ownership cost (Qi et al., 2019). In renewable energies field, supercapacitors are used to compensate the rapid intermittencies of these sources and to participate in the electrical network support (Krim et al., 2019). To valorize the utility of the storage system, a power management algorithm is necessary.