Information Technology as a Target and Shield in the Post 9/11 Environment

Abstract

This paper draws upon Normal Accident Theory and the Theory of High Reliability Organizations to examine the potential impacts of Information Technology being used as a target in terrorist and other malicious attacks. The paper also argues that Information Technology can also be used as a shield to prevent further attacks and mitigate their impact if they should occur. A Target and Shield model is developed, which extends Normal Accident Theory to encompass secondary effects, change and feedback loops to prevent future accidents. The Target and Shield model is applied to the Y2K problem and the emerging threats and initiatives in the Post 9/11 environment.