Investigation of Potential Neuroprotective Role of Chitosan-Based Biomaterials and Their Derivatives by Targeting Glial Cells

Investigation of Potential Neuroprotective Role of Chitosan-Based Biomaterials and Their Derivatives by Targeting Glial Cells

Youssef Ait Hamdan, Mohammed Rhazi, Hamid Kabdy, Abdelali Benmaloui, Samia Elouali, Jawad Laadraoui, Zainab Haidar Ahmad, Nadia Eladlani, Hassane Oudadesse
Copyright: © 2024 |Pages: 25
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-9675-6.ch019
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Abstract

Glial cells, although often overlooked in comparison with neurons, play a crucial role in the structure and function of the nervous system. Their loss can lead to impairment of functions such as learning and memory, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. To combat these diseases effectively, therapeutic strategies must restore the function of neuronal and glial cells. Natural resources offer promising therapeutic molecules for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Chitosan (CTS), chitooligosaccharide (COS) and their derivatives from arthropod exoskeletons have attracted the attention of neuroscientists because of their neuroprotective effects and their ability to transport therapeutic substances across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This chapter explores the role of natural resources in the fight against neuronal diseases.
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Glial Cells Disease And Their Pathogenesis

The glial cells of the central nervous system play a fundamental role in maintaining the balance of nerve tissues and contribute to the protection and support of neurons. They fulfill several essential functions, including providing nutrients and oxygen to neurons, removing dead cells, fighting against pathogens, and producing myelin. There are two categories of glial cells: non-myelinating cells, such as ependymocytes that line the ventricular cavities, microglia that act as sentinels in the inflammatory response of the central nervous system, and astrocytes that contribute to cerebral homeostasis. Additionally, there are myelinating cells, the oligodendrocytes, which are responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons.

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