Knowledge Networks, Crowds, and Markets: A Social Entrepreneurship Project in Latin America

2. Knowledge City Concepts

The Knowledge City concept is a subfield of Knowledge-based Development (KBD) and stems from a convergence of Urban Studies and Planning with Knowledge Management (KM) (Carrillo, 2006:xiii). In fact, KBD is the particularly distinctive third generation of KM, as shown in Table 1. While the first generation mainly addressed information storage, and the second generation made a clear shift ”from collecting knowledge to connecting people” (Huysman and Wulf, 2005), the third KM generation is the generation of complex, deeply inter-connected systems of knowledge generation and knowledge exchange. It focuses on systemic, societal change analysis, which is becoming increasingly predominant: “in the next years, knowledge management theorists and practitioners will find themselves asking how revolutions can be managed” (Toumi, 2002). In such intriguing context, our globe is seemingly turning into a world of parallel systems of meaning (Toumi, 2004:1).