Materials and Technology for Implant Manufacturing: Challenges and Opportunity

Materials and Technology for Implant Manufacturing: Challenges and Opportunity

Himanshu Kumar Tiwari, Ashish Kumar Srivastava, Parveen Kumar, Manish Kumar Singh, Hritik Kumar, Akshit Bhadauria
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 24
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-9224-6.ch004
OnDemand:
(Individual Chapters)
Available
$37.50
Current Special Offers
No Current Special Offers
TOTAL SAVINGS: $37.50

Abstract

The leg bone that typically undergos the most deformation is the femur. Failures of the femur neck, which are most frequent among human bone failures due to their length and weight, are a very serious issue for people. However, before using biomaterials in implants or any orthopaedic surgery, the right biomaterials must be chosen based on their mechanical and physical properties in comparison to natural bone. The use of biomaterials in the treatment of orthopaedic-related issues is very crucial. By taking into account the mechanical and physical properties of materials, discussions and comparisons of biomaterials are conducted. In comparison to other materials, biomaterials like SS316L, Ti6Al4V, PMMA, and CoCr alloys, magnesium alloys have been found to be a better substitute.
Chapter Preview
Top

1. Introduction

In human beings the average ratio of femur to height is 25.7% for men and 25.4% for women, meaning that an individual's height is four times that of the femur (Mulenga, 2019). The longest and sturdiest bone in the skeleton, it is virtually cylindrical for the majority of its length. And it is mainly fractured due to major accidents or exerting a lot of force on the femur bone (Amalraju & Dawood, 2012)]. The components of the femur, a long bone that is made up of a shaft body, diaphysis, two epiphyses, and extremities that are different from nearby hip and knee bones are illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Femur bone anatomy

978-1-6684-9224-6.ch004.f01

1.1. Implants

An implant is a surgically placed non-living object that serves a specific purpose in the body and is consciously inserted by a surgeon into the area where it will stay for a considerable amount of time (Amalraju & Dawood, 2012). In order to support a damaged bone, repair a missing joint, or replace a missing bone, orthopaedic implants are employed. Currently cemented and cement-less implants are generally used in the orthopaedic surgery; as far as we are known, bone cement is not used to anchor dental implants. Even though bone cement, acting as a bonding medium, can provide initial fixation, cement-less implants are growing in popularity due to the risks of cemented implant failures brought on by an accumulation of micro cracks in and around the cemented area (Dodd et al., 1990).The use of implants in different body areas are illustrated in Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Implants used in various fields

978-1-6684-9224-6.ch004.f02

Around 70–80% of implants are made of biomedical metallic implants. In order to improve the patient's overall quality of life, metallic biomaterials are absolutely essential for the reconstruction of failed tissue, particularly failed hard tissue (Niinomi et al., 2012). As is well known, both the population and the number of accidents are increasing day by day, and this is what causes the major bone injuries. The main method of treating severely damaged bone is implantation, which required suitable biomaterials (i.e. non-toxic, non-corrosive, bio compatible, etc.). The mainly used bio materials in implants are Titanium alloys, Stainless Steel alloys, CoCr alloys, etc. niobium (Nb), Iron (Fe),tantalum (Ta), and other metallic biomaterial- like (Mg) magnesium alloys are also significant, despite having a relatively small market share in this area (Niinomi et al., 2012) .The most suitable bio materials are shown in the Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Most suitable bio material used in implants

978-1-6684-9224-6.ch004.f03

The present work deals with the review of previously published work of several authors working in this field. It studied about the mechanical properties, types of biomaterials for implants their mechanical properties. It also discussed about different methods used for developing of implants of femur bone through different technique. At last but not least discuss the future of femur bone implants, their scope of utilization, and noble methods for the development of femur bone implants.

Top

2. Materials And Technology

The aim of this review is to examine alternative biocompatible materials for implanting human femur bones. It is anticipated that these implants won't induce inflammation or refusal and will be biocompatible. Further, it is aimed a better understanding of the mechanical properties of various alternative implant materials, as well as a comparison of the results with existing scientific literature. We'll recommend the best alternative material for orthopaedic implants made of human tissue.

Complete Chapter List

Search this Book:
Reset