This chapter motivates and discusses the process of making a simulation model available for others to freely inspect and use. Firstly, it outlines the three reasons why this is necessary: democratic right, scientific scrutiny, and public value extraction. Then it describes the basic steps for doing this, including: making code comprehensible, documentation and licensing. It then describes some further things one might do when releasing a complex model to help ensure it is understood and re-used appropriately. It briefly looks as some tools and approaches to help in all this, and ends with a discussion about the change in underlying “modelling culture” that is needed.
TopIntroduction
While preparing and making ones simulation model public might be at the last thing on the mind of its developer, this is a crucial step in terms of the public benefit to be gained from their effort. This chapter looks at this in the context of simulation modelling, discusses the arguments for it and then outlines some of the necessary steps to make it effective. In particular, it aims to do the following.
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Motivate the reader as to the importance of open modelling practices
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Help the reader understand the various steps that are necessary to making this a reality
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Suggest further steps to help ensure that particularly complex models are understood
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Describe some tools and approaches that will aid in this process
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Discuss some of the underlining changes to the “culture of modelling” needed
TopBackground
The phrase “Open Data” has become a banner under which a campaign has developed to make the data gathered by various institutions available to the public with relatively light conditions upon its subsequent use (Auer et al. 2007). The campaign has focussed upon publicly funded institutions, such as government authorities and universities but has also included government subcontractors and even private companies.
Open Data allows for the development of several benefits, namely that the data are available for checking against other sources of evidence; that any mistakes or distortions are more likely to be detected; it allows a better understanding of the recommendations that such institutions make through access to the underlying data; it allows a deeper democratic debate; and finally the extraction of further value from that data is possible via subsequent use, allowing for a wealth of secondary services to be built.
The reasons put forward against opening access to data might include worries over privacy; the wish to protect internal processes; the subsequent reluctance to collect data that might be embarrassing in the first place; the cost of preparing data for release; and a wish to commercially exploit or sell the data themselves. However, it is being increasingly realised that data can be a valuable public asset and that the people who have ultimately paid for the data have a greater right to it than the particular institutions who created it.
Here we intend the phrase “Open Modelling” to be similar to that of “Open Data”, except that in this case it is indicated that it is the models rather than the data that are to be made widely accessible. Thus Open Modelling is the practice of making ones models available to others. Here we are mostly concerned with simulation models, but a lot of what is discussed below would apply to any kind of complex model.