This chapter provides a detailed exploration of the ChatGPT model architecture, a cutting-edge natural language processing (NLP) model that has revolutionized conversational AI. Developed by OpenAI, ChatGPT is built upon the GPT-3.5 architecture, a state-of-the-art language model. This chapter presents an extensive study about ChatGPT using a comprehensive analysis of its various recent literatures. This study also focuses on ChatGPT evolution from ELIZA to ChatGPT. In this chapter various reviews of literature, related issues, its architecture, various layers, various ChatGPT versions and its specialization, comparative study of various models, and application is presented. In order to do the comprehensive study various papers from different databases like ACM digital library, Scopus, IEEE, IGI Global, and Willey have been included for the study. Papers selected for the comprehensive study have been reviewed extensively in order to get the details and comprehended information for the readers. Various issues like security, biasness, training, misuse, etc. have been mentioned.
TopRecent development in the technology has empowered human being and enabled us to think in various dimensions but it has generated lot of digital data in the real world. The generated digital data are efficiently stored and managed by various repositories and companies because data is everything. Every invention is the need of the hour and the rapid development in the field of machine learning and natural language processing has revolutionized the world and has lead to the development of various AI based language models [1].
This chapter presents a details study about the AI generated language like ChatGPT and a comprehensive and understandable explanation of the key components, design principles, and workings of the different model of ChatGPT and its evolutions from ELIZA to ChatGPT. The article offering insights into how ChatGPT processes and generates output, as well as its applications and implications through comparison of different architecture. The content will provide a clear and accessible explanation of the fundamental architectural elements and design principles that underlie ChatGPT. The inclusion criteria for selecting an article for the study are as follows: (1) the article are selected from the standard database like ACM digital library, Scopus, IEEE, IGI Global, Willey etc. (2) various keywords like “ChatGPT”, “AI-based generative language”, “generative language model”, “Natural language processing”, “issues”, “ChatGPT Evolution” etc. is used for selecting articles. (3) Various papers especially from the year 2020-2023 have been selected extensively for the study.
Papers selected for the comprehensive study has been reviewed extensively in order to get the details and comprehended information for the readers. Starting with its evolution we can state that these models can create material in a variety of different fields, such as text, music, codes, and others [2-3]. AI can work similar like human brain and the use of AI has begin in the late 1960 when ELIZA was first developed in 1966 based on AI and after then long journey is done by the developers to develop tools that can mimic human response. From 1960 to presently various AI based tools has been developed like SHAKEY (1966), WABOT-1 (1970), STANFORT CART (1970), WABOT-2 (1980), ABBERWACKY and CLEVERBOT (1990), ALICE CHATBOT (1995), DEEPBLUE (1997), AIBO (1999), ASIMO (2000), ROOMBA (2002), DRIVER-LESS-CAR (2009), SIRI (2011), CORTANA (2014), SOPHIA (2016), BERT (2018), BIXBY (2018) [4] etc. In all these AI based model one thing is common that they have the ability to understand what human says and can also interact with the humans. They are also able to mimic human brains. Chatbots are AI based tools that uses artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) to understand customer questions and automate responses to them, simulating human conversation.