The selection and justification of the feasibility of any environmental project, including water projects, are always associated with the analysis of future events and uncertainty of the outcome of the project. Therefore, one of the most important tools of project management is a risk management framework. Risks usually arise from the uncertainty and variability of the economic, environmental, political, social environment, as well as the different operation conditions of a particular object. Weather and climate risk, as a subtype of general environmental risk, reflects the degree of loss of potential yields, and consequently the amount of income, as a result of uncontrolled meteorological factors. Reducing such risk provides a decrease in the impact of adverse natural factors on the efficiency of economic activity, and hence on the degree of technological excellence and environmental reliability of the selected alternative design solutions.
TopBackground
The existence of global climate change is now recognized by the world community and is beyond doubt. The problem of global warming arose at the end of the last century. Addressing this problem requires the development and implementation of strategies to adapt to global climate change. The implementation of such measures will increase productivity, efficiency and profitability, especially agricultural production as an important component of nature management (IPCC, 2019; Popescu, Dinu et al., 2019; Popescu et al., 2020).
According to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, adaptation means adapting natural, social or economic systems to actual or expected climate change and its consequences (Kyoto protocol to the United Nations framework convention on climate change (1998); United Nations framework convention on climate change (1992).
To clarify and make wider use of the concept of “adaptation to climate change”, clear definitions of the following categories were considered and given: adaptation potential; propensity to influence; sustainability; risk; sensitivity; vulnerability (Massey, 2012).
Risk category is a combination of the probability (or frequency) of natural disasters and the scale of the consequences of their impact. Risk is a function of the object's propensity to influence and the perception of the consequences of that influence by the community or system.
According to the international policy documents on this issue in the field of climate diplomacy in Ukraine and the EU as a whole, based on real research by IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention) criteria, on climate change in Ukraine until 2100, pursuant to the Decree of the President of Ukraine “On the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine” of September 14, 2020 and “On the National Security Strategy of Ukraine” and others, Ukraine, like other member states, has committed itself to allocating funds for adaptation to climate change and preparation for its implementation (Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. (2016); IPCC. (2019).
That is why the issue of disclosing the concept of “risk” and its use in the field of nature management, which is most affected by weather and climatic conditions and their changes, is extremely important (Blanc et al., 2017; Gohar et al., 2016; Mohamed et al., 2001; Rezaei et al., 2016).
Ensuring the sustainable development of modern enterprises in the field of nature management is impossible without the introduction of innovative technologies. Innovative technologies reduce or avoid the negative impact of economic activities on the environment and provide more efficient use of natural resources (Ievsiukov et al., 2014; Openko et al., 2015; Openko et al., 2020; Shevchenko et al., 2021).
The selection and justification of the feasibility of any environmental, including water projects, are always associated with the analysis of future events and uncertainty of the outcome of the project. Therefore, one of the most important tools of project management is a risk management framework. Risks usually arise from the uncertainty and variability of the economic, environmental, political, social environment, as well as the different operation conditions of a particular object.