Abstract
Physical abuse is the state of harming the child's body by the people around him. Scars of unknown cause, traces resulting from burning, spots due to impact on any part of the body, traces caused by a bite by another person, bruises and stains caused by squeezing with any tool, burns and scars caused by smoking cigarettes on the victim reflect physical abuse. Problems such as rumination disorders, problems in socialization, lack of self-respect, depression, fear of all situations, withdrawal behaviors, incompatibility, colic, problems in mental perception processes, and decreased academic achievement are observed in these children.
TopTypes Of Physical Abuse
Bullying behaviors towards children are divided into various classifications according to the way they are practiced and form the types of physical abuse. According to the studies examined, the types of physical abuse are listed as follows.
Yalçın (2011) classified physical abuse under seven headings according to the way it is applied in his thesis named Child Abuse and Solution Suggestions in Turkey. These headings are respectively non-instrumental aggressions, instrumental aggressions, poisoning, water intoxication, Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome, and shaken baby syndrome.
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Non-instrumental aggressions are direct attacks without using any tools. In these cases, the abuser makes attacks such as slapping, jostling, rumpling, hitting (Soyer, 2018). In addition to these, behaviors such as pinching, forcefully stuffing food into the mouth, closing the mouth with hands, throttling, kicking are also indicators of non-instrumental aggressions.
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Instrumental aggression are the use of any tool in a physical attack. For example, it is the application of tools such as hose, pillow, iron, stick to the child’s body in a harmful way. Likewise, actions such as hitting with slippers, damaging with household items, beating with a belt, extinguishing cigarettes on the body can be examples of instrumental aggressions (Hançerli Ekdal, 2011; Polat, 2014).
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Poisoning is toxication of a child with a harmful substance knowingly and willingly. The consumption of inappropriate drugs and chemicals. is an example for this.
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Water poisoning is when a child is forced to drink large amounts of water (Yalçın, 2011).
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Munchausen by Proxy syndrome is when the individual who takes care of the child produces disease scenarios about the child, even though the child is not sick, takes him to hospitals and exposes him to a lot of unnecessary examinations (Jakobi et al, 2010).
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Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) usually occurs when an infant aged less than 6 months up to the age of two is held by the shoulders or arms and shaken violently. May cause injury to the brain and neck area. It is a syndrome that occurs when babies shake too fast while they are put to sleep. It can cause serious brain damage (Christian, 2009; Jakobi et al, 2010).
Key Terms in this Chapter
Beating: It is the harming of children by any tool or physical beating. Scars and bruises are seen in different parts of the body.
Physical Bullying: It is a situation where the child's body is harmed by people stronger than herself around him/her.
Shaken Baby Syndrome: It is a negative condition applied to babies under the age of 2 and younger than 6 months. It is the situation where the child is shaken quickly and uncontrollably by the angry and angry family members who want to silence the crying baby.
Non-Instrumental Aggressions: It is a type of bullying that is not used by any means such as slapping or kicking the child, biting him/her.
Polle Syndrome-Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome: In this syndrome, the child's family acts as if the child has a disease. In this way, the doctor takes his child around. In this way, the child is included in the medical history and the child is harmed.