Prosthetic and Orthotic Devices

18.3. A Comprehensive Definition Of Prosthetic And Orthotic Devices

Among the broad variety of devices that can help the recovering of a physiological function in people affected by motor disabilities are the ones that deal with the musculoskeletal system and which are called orthopedic prostheses and orthoses. A commonly accepted definition of prosthesis and orthosis is the following: “An orthopedic prosthesis is an internal or external device that replaces lost parts or functions of the neuroskeletomotor system. In contrast, an orthopedic orthosis is a device that augments a function of the skeletomotor system by controlling motion or altering the shape of body tissue” (Lord & Turner-Smith, 2000). Basically, an orthopedic prosthesis substitutes an anatomical part, while an orthosis helps an existing organ to perform better and to overcome its deficiency. Although the concept of prosthesis and orthosis includes devices that could be applied internally or externally to the human body, usually the term ‘prosthetics and orthotics’ refers to the discipline dealing with external appliances. These are, for instance, prostheses for amputees and orthoses for limbs and rachis, and not the artificial joints that are implanted inside the body and constitute a specific area called ‘joint prosthetics’ or ‘endoprosthetics’.

People in need for orthotic and prosthetic services present a variety of impairments. Those receiving orthotic services include people with brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy, stroke and burns, among others. Prosthetic services are provided to people with congenital limb deficiencies or amputations.