The objectives of this research are to evaluate the entrepreneurship attitudes and skills in the European Union and other world countries context before COVID-19 and discuss perspectives for the future. The information available in the Eurobarometers for the entrepreneurship that was worked through quantitative approaches was assessed. The results show that there is a long way to go in the European Union to achieve the desirable levels of personal, profession, and business entrepreneurship. In fact, the perceptions of the European citizen about the entrepreneurship changed in the last years, in consequence, for example, of technological developments, but still fall short of other countries as, for example, in some aspects the United States. In any cases, the skill improvements verified in Europe and the levels of innovation achieved are good news for the new challenges that will arrive soon.
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The entrepreneurship has different dimensions (Antonio Marina, 2010) and fields where may be developed, including in the policies design processes (Becker, 2019) inside the European Union (Bocquillon & Maltby, 2017) institutions (Copeland & James, 2014), namely the European Commission (Haroche, 2020), for the higher education cooperation (Corbett, 2011), natural gas rules (Herweg, 2016), energy policy design (Maltby, 2013) and migrant workers regulation (Menz, 2015), for example.
The contexts that create and motivate the entrepreneurs depend on several factors (Knight, 2015), nonetheless the macroeconomic and demographic factors (Roman, Bilan, et al., 2018), institutional framework and sociocultural dimensions have a determinant influence in the level of entrepreneurial skills (Amerhanova & Seliverstova, 2017). Inflation rate, tax rate and foreign investment are the main macroeconomic variables (Rusu & Roman, 2017). The institutional context is, in fact, crucial for an effective entrepreneurship plan (Avetisyan & Ferrary, 2013) and robust economic growth (Roman, Rusu, et al., 2018). The opportunity-motivated entrepreneurship conditions are other important drivers for the business success (Bosma & Sternberg, 2014). The local specific characteristics, as the culture, also influences the entrepreneurship capacities (Linan & Fernandez-Serrano, 2014). In some circumstances the unemployment seems to promote the entrepreneurship and the self-employment (Payne & Mervar, 2017). The international trade regulations have, too, their impacts (Scheerlinck et al., 2020), as well as, the resources management (Stroiko & Bondar, 2017), the conditions to be self-employed (Torres Marin et al., 2019) and the particularities of each reality (Zbarsky et al., 2020).