The COVID-19 pandemic has happened globally for over two and a half years, the virus is rapidly swept across different parts of the geographical continents without particular vaccines and antiviral treatments. The introduction of generic vaccination campaigns is considered the crucial effective approach against COVID-19. As expected, there will be an increasing trend of people accepting vaccine injections in the forthcoming months. The development of a resilient vaccine supply chain management in the time of COVID-19 further improves the service delivery of clients, optimizes the current health system and management, and identifies the possible opportunities for the logistics industry in the future. To a certain extent, it will stimulate the economic revitalization by the high-end service in the post-COVID-19 period. Furthermore, blockchain is an innovative technology in the 21st century. The proposed research study generates groundbreaking research work to contribute to the health study and supply chain management in the post-COVID-19 pandemic.
TopIntroduction
COVID-19 originated from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. In other words, this is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus correlated with the family Coronaviridae. Coronaviruses commonly infect humans and animals. They normally induce mild respiratory infections with identical symptoms detected in the common cold. Nevertheless, older adults may face a higher risk of the newly identified SARS-CoV-2 virus because of producing moderate to serious acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs). It usually needs mechanical ventilation for several weeks. Indeed, a very unusual acute pediatric vasculitis and Kawasaki-like disease have been discovered in young people (Ranga et al., 2020; Lau et al., 2022).
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, most governments implement ‘lock-down’, quarantines, and social distancing policies. Also, some governments adopt the existing strategies of ‘dynamic-zero’ or ‘living with COVID’ together with rigorous anti-epidemic measures (e.g., mask-wearing, self-isolation, and hand washing) in response to the different waves of COVID-19. To a large extent, such measures seem to fail to mitigate the rising number of death rates and infected cases. In response, most governments carried out a system of penalties and rewards to encounter vaccine hesitancy and boost vaccine uptake amongst these measures, a difference between mandates and (dis)incentives requires to be created. In doing so, vaccine programs provided policymakers and governments the chance of shifting to proactive rather than reactive responses to the COVID-19 pandemic (Antonini et al., 2022). Lin et al. (2022, p. 182) addressed that “vaccines are one of the most cost-effective methods to prevent infectious diseases”. In Israel, Italy, Spain, and France, over 60% of the total population was completely vaccinated by 30th September 2021 (Antonini et al., 2022). As of 1 August 2022, a total of 12,308,330,588 vaccine doses have been administered, as well as 4,845,535,590 persons are fully vaccinated (WHO, 2022). As expected, vaccination would discontinue two to three million deaths per year (Lin et al., 2022).