Role of Quantum Computing for Healthcare

Introduction

Quantum computing is a trendy tech issue. Individuals and corporations may now overcome previously intractable computer issues. This technique has affected cryptography, chemistry, quantum simulation, optimization, and machine learning. Quantum computers won't replace web-browsing computers anytime soon, but the technology is transforming the globe(Gupta et al., 2022; Kumar, Bhushan, Shriti et al, 2022). Quantum computing involves creating computer technology based on quantum theory, which describes how matter and energy operate at the atomic and subatomic levels. Developing large-scale quantum computers involves designing quantum systems to interact in certain ways while engineering out undesirable environmental interactions (Davids et al., 2022). Quantum computing is unusual because its bits aren't binary, or zero or one. Qubits are used instead. Two-state quantum mechanical systems can be both zero and one. Combining “superposition” with “entanglement” allows N qubits to function as a group rather than in isolation, achieving exponentially better information density (2N) than a conventional computer (N) (Bhavin et al., 2021; Shaikh & Ali, 2016).

Despite quantum computers' performance advantage, system fidelity is low. Qubits are sensitive to environmental disturbances, causing errors (Abd EL-Latif et al., 2020; Hassija et al., 2020; Kumar et al., 2021; Tiwari, 2021). Correcting these flaws requires redundant qubits for error correction and lengthy correction codes, although beneficial applications of so-called Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum devices, or “NISQ's” is developing quickly. Expanding the accuracy of qubit operations is crucial to increasing the number of gates and the effectiveness of quantum algorithms, as well as implementing error correction techniques with appropriate qubit overhead. Quantum computing incorporates quantum physics, computer science, and the theory of information. Most experts think it might affect digital commerce and security in the future (ISG, 2022; Jayanthi et al., 2022; Yi et al., 2019; Zhahir et al., 2022; Zhang & Boulos, 2020).

Figure 1.

Quantum computing (ISG, 2022)

A base-2 numerical system, with its associated set operations, bit-based data processing, and bit-based communication, is at the heart of classical computing. Every item of data in the digital world is represented by just one of two possible values—a one or a zero. A binary code is a string of bits used to represent information (Engelhardt, 2017; Upama et al., 2022). In traditional computing, the letter “A” is represented in binary as 01000001. The limitation of classical computing to do a single computation at a time is a significant drawback. As a result, its computational capability is diminished when processing a huge data collection. One of the main differences between classical computing and quantum computing is the usage of quantum bits (qubits), which may exist in many states at once and follow both the logic of one- and zero-based digital data and the logic of superposition (Dash et al., 2019). There is an unrecognized permutation of it, but when the data is requested, it is converted to a one or a zero. What really sets qubits apart is its capacity for superposition, which allows several computations to be conducted concurrently at increased speeds with reduced power consumption, hence reducing the number of operations required to solve complicated problems (Moumtzoglou & Pouliakis, 2022).