Skill Sets Required to Meet a Human-Centered Industry 5.0: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis

Introduction

Both business and society have undergone transformations as a result of the industrial revolution. The development of digital technology has significantly altered industrial procedures. The first industrial revolution, known as Industry 1.0, was primarily concerned with mechanical engineering and water and steam. Electrical engineering received a lot of attention during the second industrial revolution (Industry 2.0). The use of steam as a key power source led to significant improvements in various industries and in people's daily lives. Electric power systems and mass production assembly lines were established during the second industrial revolution (Industry 2.0). The third industrial revolution (Industry 3.0) was defined as automatic manufacturing and the incorporation of electronics, computers, and information technology into manufacturing. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is automating business operations and advancing manufacturing to a level based on connected devices, smart factories, cyber-physical systems (CPS), and the Internet of Things (IoT), where machines will change how they interact with one another and carry out specific tasks. With all modern technologies, a harmonious balance between human and machine interaction, and an emphasis on sustainable growth, Industry 5.0 is one step ahead of its predecessor (Saurabh Tiwari et al., 2022).

Figure 1.

Illustration of industrial evolution

(Farhan Aslamet al., 2020)

No matter how conventional a person is, they constantly want to be different from the rest of the pack and stand out. Since the beginning of the Industrial Age, there haven't been any technologies that let people express their unique personalities through personalised goods. Not only low-tech items, but any item that can transmit the appropriate signals. Products that even those with moderate earnings can afford, not just those that are only available to the extremely wealthy. The psychological and cultural underpinnings of Industry 5.0, which entails employing technology to bring back human value addition to manufacturing, are this yearning for mass personalization.

In his landmark book “Future Shock from the 1970’s”, American futurist Alvin Toffler predicted that consumers will need to form groups in order to deal with option overload. Instead of Toffler's “shock,” however, we witness customers savouring their choices. One person expresses herself by playing music from the countless possibilities available online, while another spins records on a Shinola turntable that was produced in Detroit. Some prevalent Industry 4.0 presumptions are also called into question by the mass personalization and associated phenomena, particularly the oft-expressed but false allegation that robots are “taking over” and “stealing our jobs.”

It was discovered at Universal Robots that businesses that use collaborative robots end up hiring more people as a result, not less than they did before they turned robotic. Robots have enhanced these enterprises rather than displacing employees. And like with Industries 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0, we anticipate that this most recent wave of industrial automation will lead to net employment increase rather than loss. It should be made apparent that there are sizable segments of product categories for which no one wants personalised products, and for which Industry 4.0 setups with their conventional industrial robots are ideal. Nobody wants a customised lawn mower blade, engine block or plasterboard anchor. Everyone would gain if these things could be produced in a lights-out plant for a reasonable price. On the other hand, industry 5.0 items enable consumers to realise the fundamental human desire to express themselves – even if they must pay a premium price to do so. These items must be created with what we refer to as the human touch (Esben H. Steergaard, 2018).