In most of the countries of South East Europe, the current situation in the field of municipal waste management is characterized by unreliable and incomplete data about the physical characteristics of generated municipal waste. The first and the second part of the chapter contain the description of specific project activities that are related to measuring quantity and composition of municipal waste in municipalities in the Republic of Serbia. The methodology description for the determination of the quantity and composition of waste is analyzed in this chapter. The potential of implementing the circular economy concept in developing countries is reflected primarily in the optimization of production and industrial activities; the example of Serbia in the third part of chapter shows the opposite. In the fourth part, results of application of the AHP method are presented. Taking the obtained results as a basis, it can be concluded that the applied model can be efficiently used to support decision-making in this kind of problem.
TopWaste Definitions In The Republic Of Serbia
The level of waste management system in Serbia is similar to those of almost all South-Eastern European (SEE) countries. Based on the results of measurements in reference municipalities, about 2,374,374 tons of waste were generated in 2008. The results of the 2014 modeling, obtained for the needs of innovating the waste management strategy, indicate that the amount of generated municipal waste has increased by about 0.5% on the annual basis compared to 2008. This means that 2,448,566 tons of municipal waste, i.e. 340.7 kg/inhabitant per year (0.93 kg/inhabitant/day) are currently generated in Serbia. Measurements and control measurements were done for the first time in the Republic of Serbia in 2008 and 2014, respectively, according to the methodology developed at the Department of Environmental Engineering of Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, with the help of German Corporation for International Cooperation.
The waste landfilling is the dominant waste treatment in Serbia and in all Southeastern European countries as well. In Serbia, about 20,000 tons of waste is burned in cement factories, which makes up about 1% of the total generated amount of waste.
The national target for 2015 was 31% of packaging waste recycling and the previous target of 25% for 2014 had been reached. In Serbia, a total of 5% of the total generated waste is recycled; if we add extraordinary activities of the informal sector, this percentage doubles and reaches 10% of recycling. The composition of waste recycled consists primarily of PET, and other plastics, paper, and paperboard. Table 1 gives the generation of municipal waste and reduction of waste in accordance with EU Landfill Directive and EU Packaging Directive. Whereas, Table 2 enlists the estimation of the amounts of biodegradable and packaging waste that are expected to meet the EU targets for the City of Novi Sad and Novi Sad region.
Table 1. The estimated amounts of waste in accordance with the goals of the EU landfill directive, the framework directive and the packaging and packaging waste directive
| | | Reducing the amount deposited in relation to the amount generated in the reference year, according to the EU Landfill Directive | Increasing the recycling of packaging waste according to the EU Packaging Directive |
| | Total generated amount of municipal waste - 2014 | Total generated amount of biodegradable municipal waste - 2014 | 1 target 2022 - to 75% | 2 target 2026 - to 50% | 3 target 2030 - to 35% | Total amount of packaging waste - 2014 | Target 2025 - Recycling of at least 55% |
| Region | Municipality | t/yrs | t/yrs | 2022 | 2026 | 2030 | t/yrs | 2025 |
| Novi Sad | Novi Sad | 133939 | 90409 | 33360 | 62836 | 84767 | 27190 | 17565 |
| Bačka Palanka | 19108 | 12898 | 4807 | 9045 | 12213 | 3879 | 2518 |
| Bački Petrovac | 4115 | 2778 | 939 | 1790 | 2396 | 835 | 519 |
| Beočin | 5407 | 3650 | 1356 | 2553 | 3446 | 1098 | 711 |
| Žabalj | 8071 | 5448 | 1950 | 3688 | 4963 | 1638 | 1044 |
| Vrbas | 14034 | 9473 | 3336 | 6323 | 8498 | 2849 | 1802 |
| Srbobran | 5625 | 3797 | 1289 | 2455 | 3289 | 1142 | 710 |
| Temerin | 10062 | 6792 | 2238 | 4282 | 5722 | 2043 | 1255 |
| Total | 200361 | 135244 | 49276 | 92971 | 125592 | 40673 | 26124 |