Abstract
The chapter reviews the chemical composition monitoring results of water running from taps installed in yards and from the so-called drilled wells in villages of Gurjaani Region, Kakheti. The study was focused on the purity of water as it is used by the population in everyday life for drinking, as well as for cooking and other household purposes. In the process of examination, a small amount of iodine was observed in drilled waters, which probably could serve as an explanation for the fact that there are fewer cases of goiter problems in this region.
TopArea Under Study
Gurjaani Municipality - Administrative-Territorial Unit in Eastern Georgia, Kakheti Region. Gurjaani municipality is bordered by 5 administrative municipalities. It is bordered by Sagarejo Municipality to the west, Sighnaghi Municipality to the southeast, Telavi Municipality to the northwest, Kvareli Municipality to the north, and by Lagodekhi Municipality to the east. The territory of Gurjaani municipality belongs to the district of moderately humid subtropical climate. To the east, the plain has a moderately humid climate with mild winters and hot summers. There is a moderately humid climate on the Gombori range, characterized by long summers. The Iori Plateau is known for its dry subtropical steppe climate, with moderately cold winters and hot summers.
Water quality investigation nowadays is a major challenge. Many disease come from water pollution, especially in the big cities (Hazrat, 2016). Unwholesome water, polluted by natural sources, has caused great hardship for those people, who drink it as the only alternative or use it for irrigation. There are general types of drinking water pollutants (Table 1).
Table 1.
The general types of water pollutants
| Class of pollutant | Significance |
| Trace elements | Health, aquatic biota |
| Heavy metals | Health, aquatic biota |
| Organically-bound metals | Metal transport |
| Radionuclide | Toxicity |
| Inorganic pollutant | Toxicity, aquatic biota |
| Asbestos | Human health |
| Algal nutrients | Eutrophication |
| Acidity, alkalinity, salinity | Water quality, aquatic life |
| Trace organic pollutant | Toxicity |
| Polychlorinated biphenyls | Possible biological effects |
| Pesticides | Toxicity, aquatic biota, wildlife |
| Petroleum wastes | Effects on wildlife, esthetics |
| Sewage, human, animal wastes | Water quality, oxygen levels |
| Biochemical oxygen demand | Water quality, oxygen levels |
| Pathogens | Health effects |
| Detergents | Eutrophication, wildlife, esthetics |
| Chemical carcinogens | Incidence of cancer |
| Sediments | Water quality, aquatic biota, wildlife |
| Taste, odor and color | Esthetics |
Key Terms in this Chapter
Zemo Kachreti: Is a village in Gurjaani Municipality, Kakheti Region, Georgia.
Kakheti Region: Is a region in Eastern Georgia.
Gurjaani Municipality: Administrative-territorial unit in Eastern Georgia, Kakheti Region.
Vejini: Is a village in Gurjaani Municipality, Kakheti Region, Georgia.
Georgia: Is a country located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia.
Mukuzani: Is a village in Gurjaani Municipality, Kakheti Region, Georgia.
Akhasheni: Is a village in Gurjaani Municipality, Kakheti Region, Georgia.