Smart transportation, shared mobility, and future mobility are all terms that are used to describe the evolution of transportation in the 21st century. Smart transportation uses technology to improve the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of transportation. Shared mobility refers to transportation models where people share vehicles or modes of transportation. Future mobility is the way we will move around in the future, and it is likely to be characterized by a number of trends, including increased use of shared mobility, the rise of autonomous vehicles, and a focus on sustainability. These trends are all leading towards a future where transportation is more efficient, safer, and environmentally friendly. This chapter discusses the trending technologies for smart transportation, shared mobility, and future mobility along with the applications, use-cases, and challenges faced while incorporating them in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in urban environments.
Top1. Introduction
Cities are using smart city technologies and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to meet the demands of expanding populations, reduce traffic, and build sustainable future (Lee & Chiu, 2020). The conflicts between urban population growth, transit innovation, and local government's capacity to manage scarce resources have existed for a very long time. However, the stress that modern cities endure is unparalleled. Urban mobility will continue to be strained by urban population growth. There is projected to be 41 megacities with 4.6 billion urban residents by 2030 (Frost & Sullivan, 2014). The Mass transit will carry 67.1 trillion passenger kilometers by 2050 (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2014).
Both the productivity of individual commuters and the productivity of cities throughout the world are significantly hampered by time spent stuck in traffic. In the US, traffic congestion cost almost 88 billion USD in lost productivity in 2019, according to a 2019 Global Traffic Scorecard from INRIX (INRIX, 2020). Roadway congestion causes loss of time as well high fuel consumption. Each year, 1.35 million people worldwide are killed in traffic accidents, and 20 to 50 million suffer non-fatal injuries (González-Sánchez et al., 2021). Pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and the people riding with them are involved in more than half of all traffic-related fatalities and injuries. Vehicle exhaust contains more tiny particles when there is heavy stop-and-go traffic. The World Health Organization claims exhaust particulates are “capable of penetrating deeply into lung passageways and entering the bloodstream causing cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory impacts.” Every city is concerned with maintaining the environment, and transport plays a significant role in this. As cities expand and more people choose to use carbon-burning transportation, the estimated 22 percent of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that are ascribed to the transportation industry will increase. For instance, it is predicted that India's CO2 emissions will increase from 70 megatons in 2015 to 540 megatons by 2050 if significant investments are not made in public transit and smart road technologies (UC Davis, n.d.).
To handle these challenges and move towards sustainable livelihood, the recent technologies, open data frameworks, and AI-monitored applications are transforming transportation into on-demand services to reduce congestion and enhance mobility. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the latest development in smart transportation systems, shared mobility and future mobility. Smart transportation, shared mobility, and future mobility are interconnected concepts that are shaping the way we move and transport people and goods in modern society. These innovative approaches leverage advanced technologies, data analytics, and sustainable practices to create more efficient, accessible, and environmentally friendly transportation systems.
These three concepts intersect and complement each other to create a vision of transportation that is smarter, more sustainable, and more accessible. Smart transportation provides the technological foundation and data-driven insights to optimize transportation networks, while shared mobility promotes the efficient use of resources and reduces the reliance on private vehicles. Future mobility embraces technological advancements and innovative approaches to shape the transportation systems of tomorrow, integrating smart and shared mobility concepts into a cohesive and sustainable framework.
Together, these concepts hold the potential to revolutionize the way we move, improving mobility options, reducing congestion, and mitigating the environmental impact of transportation. By leveraging advanced technologies, data analytics, and collaborative approaches, smart transportation, shared mobility, and future mobility aim to create a transportation ecosystem that is more efficient, inclusive, and environmentally conscious.
The organization of the chapter is as follows; Section 2 presents the brief on Smart Transportation System; Shared Mobility, its applications and challenges are presented in Section 3; Section 4 presents use cases, trends and challenges of Future Mobility; and finally, Section 5 presents the conclusion of the chapter.