The purpose of this article is to analyze and provide theoretical concepts on the BIM model and how this technology is applied or can be applied in green libraries, so the structure of this chapter is designed to provide a global overview in which is shown first, the subject of green buildings, its importance and the current context. Secondly, the paper discusses What is the BIM model? And its relationship with building projects, to give way to another section of this article and with which begins to make sense of the link BIM-Green Library and is the Green BIM, this concept has been a trend in recent years, even systematic reviews of the literature on Green BIM have been made.
Regarding the literature review conducted for this research, it was identified that an important aspect and that can be a transversal axis for Green BIM and Green Libraries is the evaluation of the life cycle of a building since it allows to evaluate the environmental impacts of a building throughout its life cycle. In the last section of the theoretical framework, the concept of green libraries and the strong implication they have with sustainability is studied.
Let us now look at these new models that are revolutionizing construction and helping to meet the global objectives of the United Nations sustainable development agenda.
Green Buildings
Buildings are responsible for approximately 35% of global energy consumption and 38% of total Co2 emissions (Sharma, Kaur, and Goel, 2018), it remains to add that currently, 55% of the world's population lives in urban areas and it is expected that by 2050 this sum will rise to 68% (United Nations, 2018), so the issue of sustainability application in the design and construction of buildings becomes a matter of utmost importance.
There are many problems arising from the poor sustainability activities of organizations, where sustainable developments are needed in the event of global climate change, such as air pollution, water pollution and many other factors. To solve this problem, a green building model has emerged, which consists of the realization of buildings that are environmentally friendly, from their construction to their operation. Barnes (2012) argues that although green building projects have become much more prevalent in recent years, there is still a perception that they are expensive and that green technologies are not sufficiently proven, the author notes that this is due to a lack of understanding of the costs of buildings that do not incorporate green design principles.
Subki and Mahazir (2019) categorize the benefits of green buildings into three aspects which are, environmental, social and economic. The environmental benefits of the first aspect involve waste reduction, improvement in air and water quality, securing the ecosystem and preservation of natural resources while, the social aspect benefits include enrichment of the comfort and health of the occupants, aesthetics and quality of life, increased productivity and the increased useful life of the building. Finally, the financial benefits, including increased markets for green products and services, improved life-cycle economic performance, reduced operating costs and maintenance costs.
According to the US Green Building Council's LEED performance system, a green building is one that is constructed incorporating the following design elements.
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Sustainable site selection and development.
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Water conservation.
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Energy efficiency.
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Local resources, materials conservation and waste reduction.
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Indoor environmental quality.
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Design innovation.
To effectively increase the performance of green building construction, the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector can implement Building Information Modeling (BIM) application. In this regard, Lu et al. (2017) consider BIM modeling as a revolutionary technology and process as a major opportunity in this sector.