Connected devices are physical objects that can communicate with each other and other systems through the internet. They include everything from traditional computing hardware, such as a laptop or desktop, to common mobile devices, such as a smartphone or tablet, to a wide variety of physical devices and objects. The internet of things describes a network of physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet. Internet of things-connected devices create a world where data is exchanged between physical objects such as sensors, on-device software, and adjacent technologies with other systems and devices. The essential enabling technology is the communication between internet of things “things” that enables these exchanges.
Top2. Design And Engineering Of Internet Of Things Devices
Is it reasonable to claim that the ” Internet of Things (IoT)” has gained widespread acceptance at this point, given that practically everyone carries a connected gadget with them at all times? As new “smart” devices are created and people continue to use the internet to entertain themselves, socialize with one another, share information, keep track of things, and stay connected, there are currently about 21.5 billion internet-connected devices in use worldwide (Duraipandian & Vinothkanna, 2019). This number is expected to rise exponentially in the coming years. When a consumer buys a smart device, they anticipate that it will be simple to use and perform as advertised. Unfortunately, IoT devices are not always faultless, just like anything else. How frequently has your smartphone been unable to quickly couple with a system, hub, or application? Most likely more frequently than you would like (Chengoden et al., 2023).
Ideas for new and distinct sorts of linked devices are continuously conceived as the growing technologies that underpin the IoT continue their rapid progress. We all consider smartphones, laptops, and tablets to be “connected devices,” but the IoT ecosystem encompasses far more than just items you can buy at your neighborhood Best Buy or Apple Store (Lan et al., 2019). Everything from vehicles, TVs, and refrigerators to thermostats, door locks, and practically every object in between can now be web-enabled due to the fact that connecting various “things” to the internet has very few technical restrictions. Household appliances, heating and cooling systems, automobiles, fitness trackers, environmental and production sensors, and many more items are now included in the growing list of connected devices (Petit & Cambon, 2016). Whether a device is used to track our belongings, monitor our health, safeguard our houses, or unlock and operate our automobiles, homes, and appliances, it must be built and manufactured with connectivity, interoperability, and the end user's experience at the forefront of its design and engineering According to the figure1, Future ports will become “IoT-enabled” and create the so-called “Smart Port”. However, the uninterrupted flow of data originating from a multitude of deployed “things” must be integrated into the port's information system. To achieve this, a unified layer that provides interoperability, multi-tenancy and scalability is essential (Bracke et al, 2021).