The Influence of Nongovernmental Organizations on Disability Policies in Ankara

Literature Review

There are three basic political and economic dynamics that increase the importance of the NGOs’ participation in the formulation and implementation of public policy. Firstly, although historical developments and the influence of neoliberal policies cannot be denied, it can still be said that the most important mechanism of the regulation is governance. Secondly, globalization and international developments have increased the importance of civil society in different nations worldwide. Thirdly, while technological developments, on the one hand, play an important role in supporting the globalization process, facilitate the application of good governance principles by increasing the flow of information on the other hand. Brown et al. (2000, p. 1-2), stated that globalization and governance are influential in the development of NGOs, and they also emphasized that the improvement in communication facilities increases their development positively. While globalization generalizes the governance approach, this causes an increase in the number of actors in decision-making processes (Coleman & Perl, 1999, p. 693). For instance, as the Internet has a positive effect on globalization, it also helps civil society organizations to improve their organization ability (Deibert, 2000, p. 255). NGOs are one of the most important actors in the context of liberalization discussions (Fisher, 1997, p. 440). Thus, the political and economic liberalization, technological transformation and globalization experienced since the 1990s triggered governance (Benner et al., 2003, p. 18).