This study followed a chronological review of literature over the past 20 years. This was able to show relationship between inclusivity and physical development. A variety of discussions were looked into including dimension of inclusivity, definition of inclusivity, scales for measurement of inclusivity, methodology for appraising inclusivity, protagonists of inclusivity, and antagonists of inclusivity. The intricacy of the correlations between inclusive physical development and life expectations of residents are improved upon so as to show the similarities of these parameters. The analysis of the relevant literature indicated the process of enhancing the urban space and ensuring that all interest and strata of groups in the human composition are adequately cared for by employing the best parameters from the conceptualization of the city development, all the indicators of inclusiveness are well thought out.
TopIntroduction
Unequal distribution of resources within the urban space brings into play the resource endowed location and disadvantageous locations. The resultant effect of the lack of some resources in some areas has led to both the uneven distribution of the dividends of the resources within space and introduction of the concept of exclusion (Medayese et al., 2016). Societies and individuals are said to be excluded when they do not enjoy certain infrastructures and services which other societies or individual tend to benefit from (Herrmann et al, 2018; Osabuohien, 2020). Driving for spatial equality and equal access to service and infrastructure within the urban area led to the promotion and advocacy for an inclusive city. Arriving at a more inclusive space prompted the paradigm development of inclusive urban planning and development. Wey (2015:1898) mentioned that a bunch of measures such as outcome-oriented policies aim at improving the quality of lives for the excluded, including inclusionary zoning and public housing have been introduced to enhance the inclusiveness in both outcomes and processes of urban planning. Kooy et al. (2018:110) opine that an inclusive development approach emphasizes fairness and social justice and participation in development. Gupta et al. (2015:546) defined inclusive development as ‘development that includes marginalized people, sectors and countries in social, political and economic processes for increased human wellbeing, social and environmental sustainability, and empowerment.
The objective of inclusive development is not just improving the wellbeing of the worse off along non-income dimensions such as education and health, but to also strengthen the case for migrants and vulnerable groups in the city. For example, the informal urban evicted group, according to Popoola et al. (2020) is a city-shaping with less relevance for the urban poor. Especially in the face of emerging estates and urban gated communities. Blakely and Snyder (1997) aver that the appearance of gates, walled, private and facility well-serviced community despite the outlawing of all forms of discrimination in housing, education, public transportation, and public accommodations has been termed “a new form of discrimination”. To this end, Schindler (2015) observed that throughout history, people had used varied methods to exclude undesirable individuals from places where they were not wanted. Whereas the real question asked is how much of the sermonized equality have reflected spatial equality in infrastructure planning, service delivery and the allocation of resources within all classes.
Arfvidsson et al. (2017) pointed out that various forms of informality are widespread in urban areas of low-income and many middle- income and transitional countries. To this end, improving the lives of slum dwellers by arguing for tenure security as a prerequisite for development and inclusion was suggested by the study (ibid. p. 8).Promoting the income and employment base as introduced in the study of Yuan et al. (2020) can be a motivation for inclusive development. In the study, inclusive and sustainable industrial development (ISID) is a call for action to promote industrialization by minimizing the environmental footprint and enhancing social inclusion (Yuan et al., 2020). The ISID, as proposed by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (2009), was targeted at promoting inclusiveness through increased industrialization, innovation, and provision of infrastructures. This, according to UNIDO (2019), is a framework that triggers citizens inclusion in environment, economy, and society. As earlier stated, while income growth is one determinant of improvements in education and health, it is not the only one, and there is considerable variation in these achievements at any level of income. Direct intervention along these dimensions to improve the lowest achievements is what is required if inclusive development is going to be acceptable (van de Walle, 2000; Balisacan and Pernia, 2002; Fan and Chan-Kang, 2005; Khandker, Bakht and Koolwal, 2006; Asian Development Bank, 2006;Bryceson, Bradbury and Bradbury, 2008).