Thermal Convection in a Horizontal Layer of Maxwellian Visco-Elastic Nanofluid

The Physical Problem

In this chapter we shall investigate the thermal convection in a horizontal layer of Maxwellian visco-elastic nanofluid. The physical configuration of the problem to be considered as:

An infinite horizontal layer of Maxwellian visco-elastic nanofluid of thickness ‘d’ bounded by horizontal boundaries z = 0 and z = d. Fluid layer is acted upon by a gravity force g(0,0,-g) and is heated from below in such a way that horizontal boundaries z = 0 and z = d respectively maintained at a uniform temperature T₀ and T₁ (T₀ > T₁) as shown is Figure 1. The normal component of the nanoparticles flux has to vanish at an impermeable boundaries and the reference scale for temperature and nanoparticles fraction is taken to be T₁ and φ₀ respectively_.

Figure 1.

Physical configuration of the problem