Sixth generation (6G) wireless communications have commenced in research after the deployment of fifth generation (5G). It's anticipated that 6G networks can take abundant heterogeneous devices and infrastructures with greater efficiency and safety over various resources, storage, computing. Conversely, this objective is hindered by a number of trust-related issues that are frequently ignored in network plans. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that has arisen in the recent decade with fundamental traits (e.g., transparency, traceability, immutability, decentralization, anonymity). Blockchain can inaugurate cooperative trust among distinct network entities and simplify various intrinsic features like privacy protection, tracing, trusted data interaction, verified certification for trusted users, monitoring functionalities for wireless networks, thus awarding a new paradigm towards 6G. This chapter provides the role of blockchain in wireless communication technologies.
TopIntroduction
In the past decades there is an exponential growth of a variety of wireless traffic and also there is an upsurge of a wide range of wireless devices (Anderson, E. W., 1994) especially smart phones and this has saturated almost the capacity of long-term evolution. In other words, the 4th generation wireless network and an accelerated evolution of fifth generation mobile communication system. In order to achieve the enhanced targets the 5G communication system has undertaken a number of key technologies like MIMO, mm wave communication which has been fixed over the last periods. But since 2020, the 5th generation network technology has started to deploy commercially worldwide in order to give anmMTC, uRLLC services (Wang C, Haider F and Gao X et al., 2014). At that instant, in order to meet up the necessities in 2030 and beyond, the 6G wireless communication research has begun formally. The basic studies on 6G technologies attained agreement that the key performance indicator like energy efficiency, connectivity etc., will be surely exceeded by 6G wireless communication and thus reached a milestone in comparison with the present 5G technology.6G technology is expected to provide global coverage through terrestrial satellites.
Numerous heterogeneous devices as well as infrastructures are included in 6G networks to give indifferent wireless connections with extremely low latency, high-reliabilities., It also facilitates the future Internet Of Things (IOT) and combine internet with every possible device. Many significant challenges are being brought in the 6G networks due to the rise in scope, heterogeneity, toughness etc., one among those is technique to manage vast resources like energy, storage and promote sharing of resources in a vast manner. Even though there are many non-theoretical solutions for managing the resources, there is a big obstacle in practice for distinguishing the anchors of Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) (Marzetta TL., 2010) from the owners of these resources. Many security issues like accessing the control, privacy protection, exchanging the data etc., are also being faced by the 6G technology. These security issues exasperated the separation between networks, sub-networks and hosts and thus it makes the resource sharing harder. In history, many efforts are taken to study the highly efficient network resource sharing approaches but because of the challenge (He S, Wang J and Huang Y et al., 2017) in 6G technology only few of those approaches has come into practice, for example is Cognitive Radio. It allows the underutilized data of secondary networks to be shared by secondary networks. But there are some trust related issues among the network entities. Luckily, the current technology on block chain ensures an optimistic belief on present 5th and 6th generation technologies.
As a distributed ledger technology (DLT), block chain has been deeply recognized by the public as the basic promoter of crypto currencies. In the year 2008, SatoshiNakamato, proposed a combination of cryptographic elements. It is trusted to be a false name to produce the former successful WPS called bit coin. In the trivial decade the bit coin witnessed a success as the former non-theoretical crypto currency. Block chain was created like a developing catalogue containing files of data which are connected with the help of cryptographic mechanism and it hence it grew as a pillar of Bit coin. Block chain helps to secure, store and manipulate data in a wide way and it also helps to build a public and unhampered ledger. In recent years, many enhanced versions of block chain are being developed likeHyperledger and Ethereum with many functions.
Block chain with its essential attributes like ensuring tamper-free network, tracking the transactions, etc., builds trustable and safe domain. It also enables many innovative applications and services. Nowadays many areas like logistics, digital voting, tax regulation etc., are using Block chain (Azaria A, Ekblaw A and Vieira T et al., 2016).
Figure 1. Blockchain increased academic related papers