Web Development
The World Wide Web (Web) (Berners-Lee & Calliau, 1990) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet. With a Web browser, user can view Web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks; the World Wide Web was created in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee.
According to the extreme growth of information available over the Web, and the powerful development achieved on the basis of World Wide Web, the Web 2.0 was born.
In this new version of interlinked hypertext network, it becomes possible that somebody can have the benefit from the experiments of the others in the same domain, which means that in such an environment like Web 2.0 there is a huge network of information which has the responsibility of enhancing creativity, information sharing capabilities, and most notably, the collaboration among users. These concepts have led to the development and evolution of Web-based communities and hosted services, such as social-networking sites, wikis, blogs, and folksonomies.
Some technology experts, like Berners-Lee, had a lot of reservations on the phrase Web 2.0; Lee had an interview with IBM developerWorks about the differences between the conventional Web (World Wide Web) and Web 2.0, and the discussion was like follows: “Web 1.0 was about connecting computers and making information available, and Web 2.0 is about connecting people and facilitating new kinds of collaboration. Is that how you see Web 2.0?” his point of view was fairly described as follows: “Web 1.0 was all about connecting people. It was an interactive space, and I think Web 2.0 is of course a piece of jargon, nobody even knows what it means. If Web 2.0 for you is blogs and wikis, then that is people to people. But that was what the Web was supposed to be all along. And in fact this ‘Web 2.0,’ it means using the standards which have been produced by all these people working on Web 1.0” (Berners-Lee, 2006).
And according to that, digital world needs a new way in which the people can interact in a semantic manner, to involve machines support side by side to the human interactions, and this is the main objective of the Semantic Web.
Semantic Web is an evolving extension of the existing Web in a way that the semantics of information and services on the Web must be defined, making it possible for the Web to understand and satisfy the requests of people and machines to use the Web content (Berners-Lee, Hendler, Lassila, 2001).
We are trying to describe in this chapter how we can involve semantic process mediation between machines and humans in order to have benefits from this knowledge in a semantic way by using Semantic Web Services as part of Semantic Web.