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Waste Management Technology for Sustainable Agriculture: Waste Management

Waste Management Technology for Sustainable Agriculture: Waste Management

Muzaffar Ahmad Bhat (Barkatullah University, India), A. Wani Adil (Sagar University, India), Bhat Mohammad Sikander (University of Kashmir, India), Yaqoob Lone (Sagar University, India), and Junaid Ahmad. Malik (PG College Videysha, India)
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 20
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-5352-0.ch021
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Abstract

The process of collection, transport, disposal, recycling, and monitoring of wastes is called waste management. The waste management is undertaken to recycle the wastes so as to reduce the ill effects of wastes on environment, health, and aesthetics. There are several kinds of wastes produced such as agricultural wastes, municipal wastes, industrial waste, mining waste. Some wastes are more hazardous such as medical wastes and nuclear wastes. Various techniques are used for the management of wastes which includes landfilling, incineration, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, plasma gasification, recycling, composting. Anaerobic digestion produces biofuel in the form of biogas. Plasma gasification results in the generation of electricity from wastes. Recycling of wastes involves the collection, sorting, and reprocessing of wastes into new products. Vermicomposting is the preferred form of composting as it results in the formation of vermicompost called black gold due to the presence of rich nutrients and growth promoting factors in it.
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Waste Categories

There are several kinds of wastes produced; some are more hazardous such as medical wastes and nuclear wastes (British Medical Association, 1999). Wastes are released into air, water or land. Following are the main categories of wastes:

Solid Waste

Solid wastes are the wastes that are that are deposited at the site where they are produced. They are further categorized into following types:

Agricultural Waste

It includes sugarcane trash, rice straw, leaves of trees and crops, rotten vegetables, fruits and flowers, animal wastes such as cattle dung, pig manure, poultry manure etc. Most of the agricultural wastes are organic and hence can be converted to biofertilizer; vermicompost through vermicomposting (Venkatachalaiah, 1996; Garg et al., 2006; Muthukumaravel et al., 2008; Reddy et al., 2009; Ansari & Rajpersaud, 2012). Rest of the agricultural wastes can be incinerated or disposed in landfills. Air pollutants are released from incineration (Lai et al., 2009). Landfilling results in the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane which result in global climate change (Hurst et al., 2005).

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