Nanomaterials Useful in Health and Medicine to Improve Public Health

Background

Nanotechnology is one of the most rising arenas of science and technology with marvelous development. It is transforming the overwhelmed experiments of traditional drug delivery systems based on the development and manufacturing of NP’s with novel characteristics (Zhang et al., 2013). The unique properties of NPs are responsible for enhanced drug efficiency, solidity, pharmacokinetics, drug monitoring activities and reduced toxicity. Local diseases such as infection and inflammation not only have perforated vasculature but also acquire some epitopes or receptors that can be used as targets. Nanomedicines can be actively targeted at such locations that may be beneficial in ameliorating the condition. A variety of NP based systems have been tried as potential drug delivery systems, including fullerenes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), polymeric micelles, nanocapsules, nanogels, nanoliposomes, dendrimers, metal NPs, biodegradable polymeric NPs, carbon nanotubes (Hong et al. 2009) and quantum dots (Figure 1) (Cai et al., 2007).

Figure 1.

Illustrate a different types nanoparticle

NPs have been utilized for the development of systemic, oral, pulmonary, trans-dermal and other administration routes for drug targeting. It is also an improvement of drug bioavailability and defense of drug bioactivity and constancy. In recent years, the encapsulation of antimicrobial drugs in the NP systems has emerged as an innovative and promising alternative that enhances therapeutic effectiveness and reduces the undesirable side effects of drugs. A major goal of designing NPs is the surface properties and the particle size of the delivery system that can regulate the pharmaceutically active agents for site-specific action at a clinically active rate.