Abstract
Studies on career choice are crucial, and the earliest iteration of career choice framework is the three-dimensional framework that is composed to determine the underlying concepts of intrinsic, extrinsic, and interpersonal factors behind a career. However, most frameworks in literature does not consider the public and private sectors as a variable impacting career choice. Recent studies have shown that perceived work in the public sector or the private sector may alter factors influencing career choice. This is imperative as every economy is divided into two sectors. Private and public sector organisations have varying objectives, and a study is needed in order to study their effect on career choice. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to propose a new, updated framework studying factors influencing career choice, whereby the two dimensions of public and private sector will be added as part of the framework of career choice. This chapter also specifies the items under intrinsic, extrinsic, and interpersonal factors.
TopProblem Statement
As a result, throughout the twenty-first century, job choice has been a phenomena that has impacted people all over the world. After completing their studies, whether in high school, college, or further education, young graduates will nearly always turn to the future to determine what type of employment best suits them. In fact, long before they finished their education, some of them would spend countless hours pondering the best employment they could find to support themselves. Should I either work in the public sector or the private sector? Will my parents approve of my new job? Will I be genuinely interested in the job? Will the pay be adequate enough to make a living? These are questions that often plague the minds of students everywhere and thus, they often face a dilemma in career choice. They often have to consider a lot of factors in mind such as parental influence, personal interests or financial incentives when deciding their jobs. Thus, studies on what led individuals to prefer and choose a particular occupation is important, and in literature, career choice studies are widespread yet varied among researchers in order to identify the factors influencing a career choice. The most popular and of the earliest frameworks that is used to measure career choice is the three-dimensional framework by Beynon, Toohey & Kishor (1998) and Carpenter & Foster (1977). The three-dimensional framework is composed to determine what are the underlying concepts of intrinsic, extrinsic and interpersonal factors behind a career. Because different person has different attitudes, some graduates may value financial rewards in their jobs above all (Abbasi and Sarwat, 2014), while others may prefer to work in a job that they enjoy (Aycan and Fikret-Pasa, 2003), regardless of the pay. In fact, some culture even places parents influence above all (Agarwala, 2008).
Key Terms in this Chapter
Interpersonal Factors: Includes parents, significant others, family, relatives, friends, and coworkers. For instance, a person may have chosen a career path based on his or her father's expectations or a friend's recommendation that he or she pursue a specific position ( Carpenter & Foster, 1977 ; Beynon et al., 1998 ). Peer groups and teachers, according to Morgan, Isaac, and Sansone (2001) , are two more sub-variables of interpersonal influence that can have a substantial impact on a person's employment selection. Interpersonal factors, to put it another way, take into account the impact of early exposure to diverse occupations and professions.
Public Sector: Governments, as well as other publicly owned or sponsored organizations, companies, and other entities that offer public programs, commodities, or services, are considered part of the public sector.
Career Choice: The culmination of a person's development and actions throughout the course of their life, especially those related to their career “A person's route or development through life or a certain time of existence.” Parental counsel, vocational guidance, identification with well-known persons, trial or part-time employment, training choices, personal interests, and ability tests, among many other factors, are all utilized to assist people in making career decisions.
Intrinsic Factors: Personal values are what are referred to as a person's inherent elements. It is made up of their own professional interests and values, which are determined by their educational and training abilities and competences ( Carpenter & Foster, 1977 ; Beynon et al., 1998 ). Employment-related information, such as a personally satisfying job due to excellent working conditions, is likewise an essential component ( Aycan & Fikret-Pasa, 2003 ). When a person is motivated by intrinsic motivations, he or she is more likely to work for a job that is intriguing to them, or even one that is related to their studies, as well as a work environment that is acceptable to a degree, or at the very least up to par.
Extrinsic Factors: Takes into account the external environment, which includes sub-variables such job availability, well-paying jobs, and high pay structures ( Carpenter & Foster, 1977 ; Beynon et al., 1998 ). Extrinsic variables imply that current labor market conditions may influence a person's employment decision. Two other sub-variables are a company's brand image and job stability ( Edvardsson Stiwne, 2005 ). Financial incentives, for example, may be a person's primary motivation to work.