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The recent advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has powered the nature of collaboration and mode of operation of not only business entities but also government administration processes. The application and integration of latest ICTs as parts of the government management structures to improve the delivery of unrestricted services; encourage grander citizen involvement in the policy formulation and deepening of greater opening, and transparency and accountability can be described as electronic government (e-government) (Halachmi & Greiling, 2013; Lee-Geiller & Lee, 2019). E-government is demarcated as the government's use of ICTs to provide a superior option for citizens and businesses to cooperate and undertake commerce transactions with public institutions via the application of different technology systems (Almarabeh & AbuAli, 2010). The concept of e-government is believed to be an idea originating from the former US Vice President (Al Gore) who advocated for automation that can link citizens to the various government agencies and departments through the enabling environment of information and communication networks which will eventually lead to the shrinking in cost, efficiency in work output, fasten the delivery of public services and effective implementation of government programs and activities (Almarabeh & AbuAli, 2010). E-government can ensure diversity in the implementation of quality public services, promote accountability, transparency, and people involvement in the assessment of public sector outputs (Middleton, 2007; Mohammad, Almarabeh, & Ali, 2009).
The accomplishment of e-government development and implementation will be centered on how services emanating from e-government are patronized. Carter and Bélanger (2005) explained that the attainment of higher levels of e-government adoption is centered on the level of citizens’ acceptance. This has led to many studies trying to comprehend the indicators or issues that may induce the actual use and behavioral adoption of e-government services. Studies, for instance, have established that perceived ease of use, perceived service quality, perceived usefulness, system quality, information quality, and citizens trust are important indicators of the adoption and diffusion of e-government services (Mensah, 2018; Stefanovic, Marjanovic, Delić, Culibrk, & Lalic, 2016). All of these factors are potential indicators that can sway the extent of individual contentment with e-government services. Predictors such as service accessibility on several canals, citizen support measures, multiple language support functions, skills divide, awareness, information security, and transaction support were confirmed to positively affect the citizen gratification with e-government (Anwer, Esichaikul, Rehman, & Anjum, 2016).