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TopContent Management Approaches
Most scholars and practitioners have approached digital content in terms of content creation, content management, and content distribution (e.g., Ament, 2002; Hackos, 2007; Rockley, 2003). Many have acknowledged the rhetorical challenges that occur when content and product are separated (e.g. Williams, 2003; Swarts, 2010). Likewise, many have recognized that writing differs in a digital environment where decontextualized content and dynamically generated content disrupt traditional editorial workflows (e.g., Andersen, 2007; Clark, 2007; Whittemore, 2007).
Some scholars and practitioners have adopted user experience (UX) approaches to CM, embracing practices such as content audits, content mapping, workflow analysis, information models, and metadata strategies (e.g., Hart-Davidson, Moore, & Porter, 2003; Halvorson & Rach, 2012; Whittemore, 2007). But, aside from Rockley and Cooper (2012), who outline how editors’ roles change in a CMS environment; Amare (2009), who argues that content management systems “elevat[e] the technical editor’s role in document production” (p. 182); and Albers (2000), who warns that some editing tasks “do not directly transfer” to content management systems (p. 195), few scholars and practitioners have discussed how editing differs in a digital CM environment.
Specific details on how to edit digital content are even more elusive because in some workplaces the task of technical editing is intertwined with the technical writing process. CM entails a paradigm shift “from document-oriented to object-oriented” editing (Williams, 2003, p. 321) that requires “a reconceptualization of the relationship between audiences, purposes, and documents” (Eble, 2003, p. 345). The granularity level is no longer an entire document, but rather a series of objects, each of which could be as small as one word—editors must contend not only with traditional editing issues such as grammar and technical accuracy, but also with issues that may arise when digital content is combined, such as problems with coherence, consistency, presentation, and style (Albers, 2000). Print-based models of editing are inadequate for dynamically generated digital content (Albers, 2000; Robidoux, 2007) that “can be automatically aggregated, assembled, and delivered on demand to content customers based on their personal preferences and/or customer profile” (Rockley, 2011, n.p.). Technical editing must evolve to accommodate 21st-century CM technology.