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Top1. Introduction
The scope and application of eGov has rapidly grown and evolved as it has been adopted worldwide. eGov consists of the digital interactions between governments and stakeholders hence eGov delivery models include: G2C (government to citizen), G2B (government to business), G2E (government to employee), G2G (government to government), and C2G (citizen to government).
Despite the benefits of e-Government and what it could bring to both governments and citizens, the implementation of e-Government initiatives in most of developing countries resulted in failure as reported by (Heeks, 2002) where it shows that 35% of e-Government projects in developing countries are total failures, 50% are partial failures, while the remaining 15% are successes. Nevertheless (Nations, 2012) states that the progress of eGov is not just providing online information about public services (static information), but also considered with the the number of government web-pages increases as information becomes more dynamic with users having more options for accessing information, more formal exchange between user and government service provider takes place, users easily access services prioritized by their needs, and fully complete integration of all online government services through a one-stop-shop.
Syrian’s eGov Strategy is still at stage one by offering only static information about public services. The Syrian eGov strategy: “Enhancing Institutional Capacity for eGov Implementation” has been adopted as a five-year plan (2011-2015) and agreed with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). (Republic, 2008) defines the goal of this project as “to initiate the implementation phase of strategy through enhancing the operational capacity and the institutional framework for overall coordination of e-Gov initiative” with the following six expected outputs: (1) An eGov Monitoring and Evaluation Unit will be established (2) An eGov Portal Unit will be created and launched (3) Standards will be adopted and supporting tools developed and required shared services developed (4) Efficient and timely Consulting Services will be available for eGov programs (5) A Communication and Public Relations strategy for eGov Projects will be in place and (6) An Enhanced institutional capacity for eGov Implementation should be supported.
In order to initiate the implementation phase of the strategy an executive team has been created comprising a consulting unit, a monitoring and evaluation unit, a development and standardization unit, and a national eGov portal unit. All units work under the provision of (and report directly to) the Syrian Prime Minister: their tasks are (a) to support and develop IT strategies, (b) to provide technical support, (c) to enable and nurture eGov best practice, (d) to provide a monitoring service and (e) to implement a communication plan (Republic, 2008).