A Case Study of Career Counseling for ICT

A Case Study of Career Counseling for ICT

Rana Muhammad Amir Latif, Javed Ferzund, Muhammad Farhan, N. Z. Jhanjhi, Muhammad Umer
Copyright: © 2021 |Pages: 23
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7114-9.ch008
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Abstract

In the education system, the students may find counselors, but student-to-counselor ratio is higher, which forces us to implement an automated system for the guidance of the students. Career counseling can be useful for students to evaluate their careers and select the best direction for the future. This chapter aims to explore, develop, and implement the effective means of analyzing student career counseling, guidelines, and decision making. The authors have developed a realistic dataset from a different mindset of students. The research started once the student provides the machine input about the individual choices about taking admission for matriculation, intermediate, and or short course. The machine learning algorithms like logistic model tree, naïve Bayes, J48, and random forest are used to predict career options. In evaluated results, they found the best algorithm based on the accuracy of kappa statistics, mean absolute error, and correctly classified or incorrectly classified for career-related problems.
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1. Introduction

The intermediate may be a dynamic concentration problem for the option of career courses for college students directly after admission. Starting in puberty, students typically struggle to understand the concept of a career direction to follow because they lack maturity and expertise in the matter. Students may not have adequate information to become conscious of the real-life job obstacles that college majors serve. In order to prevent repercussions that can arise from incorrect job selection, a student must make the correct decision on the issue of their future. As a consequence, choosing a proper profession with the highest bene t has been one of the students' most difficult and demanding tasks because incorrect career selection will contribute to a field of work that was not intended for them (Mouratoglou & Zarifis, 2020). Several states' poll shows the report which half the population picked a part-time profession under their fascination rates. More specifically, there is insufficient direction for college stud in Pakistanis, possibly out of their career or alternative resources, that can teach them to embrace such classes in college, which is suited with their passions and abilities. The current job matches the career-related confusions among students now.

The machine's differentiation would be to segregate faculties offering instruction to advocated occupations. Our project will use the system learning procedures, which can be conducted with an algorithm. Analytical algorithms and tools such as information analysis and predictive modeling and graphical user interfaces because of simple accessibility to such capabilities. In this project, authors will use different machine learning algorithms to analyze our dataset (Toggweiler & Künzli, 2020). Authors will develop a platform from where students and parents find the solution to their career problems. Authors will use the decision trees pruning, continuous attribute value ranges, and derivation of rules as the algorithm's additional features. Authors will use a random forest tree for the integration of the decision tree and tree pruning (Maree, 2020). The random forest tree is a combination of different tree classifiers. Each classifier randomly generates an input vector, and for classifying an input vector, each tree casts a unit vote for the most popular class.

The availability of career courses for college students right after matriculation, the intermediate may be a challenging concentration dilemma. A survey of many states shows the study where half the population selected a part-time career under their fascination rates. More generally in Pakistan, there is the insufficient path for college students, likely out of their profession or alternative resources, that can teach them to accept many classes in college which is suited with their passions and abilities (Heppner, 1998). The new job now suits students' career-related confusions. The distinction of the machine would be to segregate faculty that provide advocated professions with guidance. In this chapter, make use of the system learning procedures which can be conducted in WEKA (Hall et al., 2009). WEKA contains a range of computational algorithms and tools, such as deep learning and predictive analytics, coupled with graphical user interfaces due to the easy usability of such capabilities. (Bouckaert et al., 2008). The first non-Java version of WEKA were a TCL/TK extension to, for the most part, 3RD party modeling calculations found in other programming languages, even pre-processing utilities, and also a file-based platform for performing ML experimentations (Dalgaard, 2001).

In this article, authors have used various machine learning algorithms for the study of our dataset. Authors also developed a platform from where students and parents find the solution to their problems related to profession. Authors also used the decision tree algorithm pruning, continuous attribute value sets, and formulation of laws are the additional features of the J48 algorithm. During the Weka method for text mining J48 usage as the open-source code of the C4.5 algorithm. Authors used the Weka tool (Bhargava, Sharma, Bhargava, Mathuria, & Engineering, 2013). to combine the random forest and tree pruning. The random forest tree used with randomly chosen features or a mix of features at each node to establish a tree. The random forest tree is a mixture of various tree classifier. In each classifier randomly create an input vector and to identify an input vector, each tree casts a unit vote for the most common class.

Authors have used the classification technique with an independent assumption among predictors, which is based on Bayes. The class is assumed to be a Bayes classifier because this class has no relationship to other features in the class. Several features depend on other features, but in Naïve Bayes classifier these features contribute variably. The Naïve Bayes classifier is known as the outperforming on the base of high sophisticated classification algorithm (Patil, Sherekar, & applications, 2013). To the selection of the suitable features from the data, authors have used the logistic regression algorithm because this algorithm is used in the stage-wise fitting process. Authors have used this algorithm for refining the high level of the tree (Turian, Ratinov, & Bengio, 2010).

The chapter has organized into a few sections. The first section is the introduction, which is about the overview of the manuscript. The second section is the literature review. In the third and fourth section, authors have discussed the methodology and data collection of the manuscript. In the fifth section, authors have discussed the results and Discussion of the chapter. The sixth section is the conclusion of the manuscript. The last and seventh section is future work.

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