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Complications in Pregnant Women

Complications in Pregnant Women

Sumathi Natarajan (KMCH, Coimbatore, India), A. S. Muthanantha Murugavel (Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, India), Selvanayaki Palanisamy (Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, India), and S. Deepa (Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, India)
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 15
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-8974-1.ch016
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Abstract

Some typical pregnancy issues will be discussed in this chapter. Despite a declining pregnancy rate throughout time, attaining pregnancy and having a healthy baby are two of today's most prized accomplishments. If pregnant women go for check-ups on a regular basis, most of the issues can be detected and treated successfully. The majority of pregnancies and births (80%) still have no difficulties. Lifestyle, diet, financial influence, and maternal age are major contributors in pregnancy complications. Pregnancy complications may occur in either first trimester, second trimester, or third trimester. High blood pressure, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, premature labour, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, amniotic fluid, anaemia, stillbirth, placental difficulties, anxiety, depression, and stress during pregnancy are the major complications that might arise during pregnancy.
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Preterm Labour

When the cervix opens as a consequence of consistent contractions after week 20 of pregnancy but before week 37, this is called preterm labour (Barrett et al.,2020). In preterm labour, the baby is born too soon. The foetus will begin to enter in to the delivery canal as a result of this problem.

Reasons for Preterm Labour

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    Most women don't know why they go into labour so quickly

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    Smoking

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    Extreme obesity or underweight prior to pregnancy

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    Maternal age of 40 or older

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    Insufficient prenatal care

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    Alcohol or drug use during pregnancy

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    Medical issues like hypertension, diabetes, preeclampsia, and infections

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    Pregnancy complications include:

Carrying multiples, carrying a child with a birth defects, and carrying a child conceived through in vitro fertilisation.

Signs

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    Uterine contractions (particularly more than four in one hour).

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    Cramps similar to those experienced during menstruation.

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    Lower abdominal pressure.

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    Backache.

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    Diarrhea.

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    Alteration in the frequency or consistency of menstrual flow. Fluids such as blood, mucous, or water may be present.

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    Discharge of vaginal fluids.

Diagnostics

Using an electronic monitor to track the frequency and duration of contractions. The transducer of this monitor is a tiny gadget that is belted over the abdomen. In addition to keeping tabs on the baby's heart rate, the transducer can also detect and transmit data on the mother's contractions.

In addition to the aforementioned methods, other possible methods of detecting preterm labour include:

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    A transvaginal ultrasound and a cervical exam.

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    A transducer is inserted vaginally for this ultrasound test. The length of the cervix can be determined by doing the exam.

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    Amniotic fluid analysis.

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    Baby fibronectin tests (FFN).

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    FFN is a protein that can be detected in the space between the uterine lining and the amniotic sac. FFN is detected by testing a swab of cervical or vaginal fluid. Preterm labour may be imminent if it is present.

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