Abstract
The aim of this work is to provide a discussion of radicalization, especially as it has been presented in existing literature. This chapter begins with a focus on how radicalization is defined and how debates surrounding the definition of the term could have pragmatic and theoretical consequences. Further, this work highlights current discourse on the radicalization process. The work also includes a review of the risk factors that may typically lead one to radicalization. To do this, the three main overarching themes, including push, pull, and personal factors, are spotlighted. Finally, the work concludes with a three-pronged course of action (COA) to prevent the radicalization process, mitigate the violence carried by those who have already been radicalized, and also rehabilitate those who have undergone the radicalization process.
TopIntroduction
To truly consider the topic of radicalization, one must adopt a holistic approach that is underpinned by an understanding that there is little consensus on the topic. Thus, if what is sought is a strategy to prevent radicalization, then one must first embark on a literary journey to examine the multitude of perspectives regarding what is radicalization, what factors make one more or less vulnerable, and how does the radicalization process unfold. Accordingly, the adoption of an objective standpoint is necessary to comprehend the breadth of studies on radicalization.
In any field, researchers are bound to hold varying beliefs, convictions, and standpoints on issues. Although this diversity can be problematic in a pragmatic sense, it can be highly beneficial for academics. In fact, as is posited later in this work, the work of an academic who takes the contrasting views of a field and develops a theory that bridges any gaps could possibly arrive at a practical, real-world solution to a pressing issue. This logically leads to the question, “Is it possible to close the divide that currently stands between researchers who focus on radicalization?”
With this information and this question at the forefront of the analyses, this work was produced. Through a review of the primary opinions within the field, the strategy for preventing and mitigating radicalization and rehabilitating those radicalized is presented with an emphasis on integrating the seemingly disparate viewpoints to achieve a form of harmony in the field.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Linear Process (in Radicalization): The notion that there is a straightforward, step-by-step path to radicalization.
Nonlinear Process (in Radicalization): The notion that the path to radicalization is not always sequential or straightforward, but rather rests upon a multitude of complex factors.
Risk Factor (in Radicalization): That which increases the likelihood of one being radicalized.
Personal Factor (in Radicalization): The risk factors that stem from within an individual that make them more likely to be radicalized (i.e. psychological disorders, life trauma, and personality traits) in comparison to their peers.
Push Factor (in Radicalization): A risk factor that is structural in nature (i.e., unfair geopolitics and societal inequality) that causes unfavorable conditions for individuals, which then leads them to believe that violent extremism is a viable solution.
Pull Factor (in Radicalization): A factor that is purposefully enticing to individuals and highlights aspects of extremist groups that may lead individuals to become involved in violent extremism.
Multidisciplinary: The combination or involvement of multiple academic or professional disciplines in an effort to resolve or tackle one issue.