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Development of the Five-Factor Holistic Ethical Leadership Questionnaire

Development of the Five-Factor Holistic Ethical Leadership Questionnaire

Tariku Fufa Gemechu (Regent University, USA) and Bruce E. Winston (Regent University, USA)
Copyright: © 2021 |Pages: 20
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7665-6.ch008
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Abstract

The authors present three studies that develop the five-scale measurement for holistic ethical leadership questionnaire. Study 1 reports the scale development process using predominately non-Western participants. Study 2 tests the five-scale instrument for convergent and discriminant validity as well as test-retest reliability using a subset of the sample who participated in Study 1. Study 3 used a sample of USA residents for confirmatory factor analysis from which a single factor emerged to measure holistic ethical leadership. The authors concluded that the five-scale instrument should be used when measuring non-Western participants and the single-scale should be used when measuring USA residents. The authors recommended follow-up research using qualitative methods to better understand the reasons why the single-scale measure works well with USA residents.
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Study 1: The Development Of The Holistic Ethical Leadership Questionnaire

Gemechu (2019) developed the Holistic Ethical Leadership Questionnaire in response to observed and reported corruption across Africa, a concern previously stated by Mantzaris (2016) and since then by Ifedapo et al. (2020). Gemechu sought to add to the body of knowledge for ethical leadership by building upon the work of Trevino and Ball (1992), Trevino and Weaver (2003), and Ciulla (2014), in which ethical principles focused on respect for people, showing justice, manifesting honesty, serving others, and Northouse’ (2016) concept of building community. Gemechu chose to extend the understanding of ethical leadership by broadening the view to be holistic, in which Gemechu incorporated the work of Priesmeyer et al. (2012), who examined the ‘wholeness’ of systems, along with the work of Auyang (1999) and Mankey (2007) whose research focused on understanding holistic leadership/influence as impacting the whole of individuals, groups, organizations, and society. Dhiman (2017) summarized the holistic focus in his definition of holistic leadership as follows:

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