Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease: An Updated Overview

Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease: An Updated Overview

Mjid Oukhrib, Lahcen Tamegart, Hafida El Ghachi, Abdelali Ben Maloui, Bilal El-Mansoury, Mohamed Chraa, Halima Gamrani
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 12
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-5156-4.ch001
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Abstract

Just after Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered the second most prevalent chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an increased prevalence in the elderly population, affecting men slightly more frequently than women, and often resulting in disability, dependence on care, reduced quality of life, and premature death. Regarding the etiology of PD, it is a complex disease involving both genetic and lifestyle factors as well as environmental factors. In addition to the cardinal motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms and comorbidities of PD are increasingly recognized as central to the disease. These include somatic symptoms, such as pain and autonomic dysfunction (orthostatic hypotension, bladder dysfunction, and constipation), and behavioral problems, such as dementia, impulse control disorders, sleep disorders, fatigue, and psychosis. The epidemiological study of the different symptoms and comorbidities related to PD helps to understand their causes and consequently to know how to reduce the incidence and impact of these dysfunctions in the disease.
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Prevalence And Incidence Of Pd

The wide difference in methods followed in epidemiological studies and the huge number of studies that focus on PD make it difficult to directly compare estimates of the prevalence of this disease. It is generally accepted that the prevalence of the disease varies from 1 to 2 per 1000 in unselected populations (Von Campenhausen et al., 2005), whereas it affects 1% of the population over 60 years of age (L. M. de Lau & Breteler, 2006). Before the age of 50 years PD is rare, whereas in older age groups it can reach a prevalence of 4% (de Rijk et al., 1995, 2000).

Compared with prevalence studies, there are relatively few incidence studies of PD. The incidence of the disease varies considerably in different reports. This is probably due to methodological differences, in particular differences in case identification and use of diagnostic criteria. The annual incidence per 100,000 population varies from less than 10 to more than 20. Incidence studies may be affected by underdiagnosis of PD, particularly in older individuals (Tysnes & Storstein, 2017).

Studies that reported results for all age groups reported PD incidence rates ranging from 1.5 to 22 per 100,000 person-years, whereas those limited to populations aged 55 or 65 years reported overall incidence rates between 410 and 529 per 100,000 person-years (Baldereschi et al., 2000; Benito-León et al., 2004; L. M. L. de Lau et al., 2004).

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