Abstract
Framing theory is essential to understanding how inclusion is seen and acted upon. It is a critical theoretical framework for this chapter and the book as a whole to understand when discussing reframing autism inclusion in praxis. Framing theory is a theory that sees the chaos in the world through frames that inform ideas, beliefs, and values. In order to know inclusion, framing theory can assist in guiding research and scholarly discussion about the concept, both in education and in communication alike. Framing theory is a theory which frames, meaning that framing theory describes a world where frames inform both perception and action reality.
TopReflection On Framing
The reflections in italics in this chapter are by disability scholar and communication scholar Stephanie Rivas:
Key Terms in this Chapter
Reframing: To identify frames and offer up opportunities for new frames (Kaufman et al., 2017 AU77: The in-text citation "Kaufman et al., 2017" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).
Autism (Educational Eligibility): A developmental disability affecting communication and social interaction in a way that adversely affects educational performance and is identified by professionals in a school setting (IDEA, 2004 AU72: The in-text citation "IDEA, 2004" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ; U.S. Department of Education, 2012 AU73: The in-text citation "U.S. Department of Education, 2012" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).
Frame: Context and meaning related to how to think about complex matters (Bolman et al., 2017 AU74: The in-text citation "Bolman et al., 2017" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ; Borah, 2011 ; Cacciatore et al., 2016 ; Fairhurst, 2005 ; Forlin, 2010 ; Goffman, 1974 ; Pan & Kosicki, 1993 ; Schedin, 2017 ; Scheufele, 1999 ; Valentino et al., 2001 ).
Public Relations (PR): “A management function between an organization and key publics that helps to form and maintain mutually beneficial relationships” (PRSSA, n.d. AU76: The in-text citation "PRSSA, n.d." is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. , p. 1, Theaker & Yaxley, 2013 ).
Autism (Medical Diagnosis): Autism is a complex neurological disorder affecting communication and behavior and is diagnosed by a doctor ( American Psychiatric Association, 2013 ).
Special Education: A type of educational system in the United States that is designed to meet the unique needs of individuals identified by the schools as qualifying for special education, sometimes also carrying a medical diagnosis and including classroom support, related services, and supports and accommodations. Special education is taught by educators with a special education credential, who go through different coursework and preparation (IDEA, 2004 AU78: The in-text citation "IDEA, 2004" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ; U.S. Department of Education, 2012 AU79: The in-text citation "U.S. Department of Education, 2012" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).
Social Construction: In disability studies, a posit that nondisabled people socially construct an idea of disability as inferior ( Rossa, 2017 ; Taylor, 2006 ).
Inclusion: Removing barriers to full participation in everyday activities including addressing policy, attitude, perspective, physical spaces, and communication ( Hassanein, 2015 ; Sansosti, & Sansosti, 2012 ).
Framing: A process from Communication Studies that focuses complex issues by placing emphasis on certain aspects of information over others ( Bateson, 1972 ; Goffman, 1974 ).
Framing Theory: A theory which pre-consciously places attention on certain topics within a field of meaning (a frame) often used in communication studies ( Bateson, 1972 ; Bolman et al., 2017 AU75: The in-text citation "Bolman et al., 2017" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ; Goffman, 1974 ; Pan & Kosicki, 1993 ; Scheufele, 1999 ).