Genetic Engineering for Halal Vaccines: Biochemical Transformation in Production and Economies of Scale

Abstract

The increasing global halal awareness also impacts the world of health. In the world of health, vaccination is one of the simplest, safest, and effective ways to protect humans from dangerous diseases. Vaccinations are still vulnerable to criticism for their halal status because the enzymes used in the past were mostly sourced from non-halal or prohibited materials. Now, through genetic engineering, enzymes sourced from non-halal or prohibited materials can be replaced. Indeed, one of the critical points of vaccine production is enzymes. As catalysts for organic chemical or biochemical reactions, enzymes are critical points in halal pharmaceuticals, including halal vaccines. Therefore, by embracing literature review and case studies, this chapter will focus on three issues as a discussion: (1) the mainstream biochemical process in vaccine production; (2) biochemical transformation of halal vaccine production through genetic engineering; (3) implications of halal vaccine production through genetic engineering for economies of scale.