Abstract
The increase in the intensity of different types of migration—economic, ethnic, and labor—is a characteristic sign of globalization, and the share of migrants in the permanent population of countries reflects the degree of involvement in globalization processes. At the same time, migration processes have both positive and negative sides, and in some cases, they can be a source of contradictions and conflicts. Within the framework of the present study, attention is focused on discriminatory treatment in the process of migration, especially on the use of hate speech, which is reaching larger scales and is characteristic of migrants. Another characteristic of external migration in the context of globalization is international migration for educational purposes. International migratory movement is mainly a characteristic of the population of developing countries, and the main motive for movement is the desire to receive foreign education. Migration for education has both positive and negative consequences.
TopMethodological Frame Of The Research
The chapter is based on historical, comparative-legal, statistical, systematization, and classification methods. The research also actively applies to various sociological methodologies that consider the specificity of the research object and subject, particularly: the abstract-logical research method, which is based on the research methods of analysis and synthesis, inductive and deductive, analogy, etc.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Legal Migration: Migration that takes place through recognized, legal channels.
Internationalization: The process of turning external real actions, properties of objects, and social forms of communication into stable internal qualities of a person through the assimilation of norms, values, beliefs, attitudes, representations, etc. developed by an individual in society or community.
Labor Migration: Movement of people from one country to another for employment. In most countries, labor migration is regulated by national migration legislation. At the same time, some countries actively participate in the regulation of migration abroad and in creating favorable conditions for their citizens.
Ratification/Approval: Ratification refers to the “acceptance” or “approval” of a treaty. In the international context an international act employing which a state internationally declares its consent to the binding character of a treaty.
Illegal Migration: The movement that is carried out in violation of the regulatory norms of the sending, transit, and receiving countries. There is no clear and universally recognized definition of migration without a legal basis.
Human Rights: Freedoms and benefits that, according to modern values, any person can claim “as his right” in the society in which he lives. These rights are defined by international human rights norms.
Hate Speech: Insults, insults, incitement of hatred against a person or a certain group of people because of their characteristics, such as, for example, race, nationality, worldview, religion, or sexual orientation.
Discrimination: Unequal treatment of people in cases where there is no justified difference between the privileged and those who do not have similar privileges. Discrimination based on race, skin color, sex, language, religion, political or other beliefs, national or social origin, property, rank, or other grounds is prohibited.
Xenophobia: There is no internationally accepted definition of xenophobia. However, it can be described as attitudes, prejudices, and behavior that ignore do not accept, and refers to people in a negative context based on the idea that they are alien elements to the community, society, and national identity. There is a close connection between racism and xenophobia, and it is difficult to separate the two terms.
Forced Migration: A general term used to describe migration flows that have an element of coercion, including threats to life and existence, caused by natural or human-induced causes (e.g., flows of refugees and internally displaced persons, as well as natural, displacement caused by ecological, chemical and nuclear disasters, famine, and development projects).