Energy storage has an important role in integration and application of upcoming micro and smart grid network. The various environmental issues are directly related to energy generations. With the growing environmental affects, engineers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers are transforming towards energy storage solution. Hybrid energy systems carry distinct generation technology along with storage on a single system, upgrading all the benefits in contrast to a system that is dependent on a single source. The storage of energy is necessary to fulfil the demand of the consumers, thus enhancing the storage technology at distribution section of power supply. This chapter also throws deep light on different types of storage systems and their hopeful market areas. The study also aims to identifying the technical challenges facing the formation of storage systems globally. It also focuses on typical HESS-utility, energy storage integral designing, concept of energy management system and an ideal proposal for the power flow based on maximal clipping.
TopIntroduction
Sustainable energy is the basic requirements for centuries. The environmental issues that are directly related to energy generation and distribution are emissions of greenhouse gases, climatic change, air infection and scraps dumping. The green gas emission from fossil fuel ignition is the basic cause of environment air pollution. The international troubles of a hastily growing concentration of CO2 in the surroundings, its impact and the related changes in global warming and climatic change should be addressed and solved with immediate effects (Bocklisch, 2015). The solution of it is to achieve the goal of transitioning from fossil fuel toward sustainable green and cleaner energy. Renewable energy is a clean and green energy source that comes directly from sun, wind, oceanic waves, tides and geothermal. With the increase in demand of electricity, today too, people are still dependent on coal, gas and oil; therefore, required to enhance the electricity supply. So the natural sources are used today for generation of electricity. Now the era is changing from nonrenewable energy sources to renewable energy sources. The non-conventional sources are sun power, wind power, tidal power, and geothermal power. Non-conventional energy has its own application in the area such are generation of electricity, water heating or cooling and transportation (electric vehicle). Renewable power can also drive technological innovation and generate employment such as s supply demand management, grid extension or energy storage. Principles for varieties of storage innovations based on electrical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal power storage are possible with varying technical operating specifications and their features.
The irregular behaviour of renewable power resources creates hindrance in the operating performance of grid. The performance related issues with the system are stability, reliability, and irregular output power. Applying energy storage system to the smart grid can improve the operating performance by fulfilling the energy development demand (Energy Data Explorer, n.d.; Al-Foraih, Sreekanth, and Al-Mulla, 2018; Zakeri and Syri, 2015). Energy storage has an important action in integration and application of upcoming micro-grids and modernized grid network (Fathima and Palanisamy, 2018). One of the extraordinary features of the energy area, is the quantity of electricity produced is incredibly constant for small durations, although demand for power varies throughout day. Flourishing innovations to store power energy to fulfil the demand of electrical energy whenever required. This might constitute a prime step towards energy distribution. Assisting to fulfill this intention, electricity storage devices can regulate the energy required to supply consumers at instances of maximum load. These storage devices help the renewable energy to control the output power by grid operators (Grand View Research, 2022). Hybrid energy structures can enhance the quantity of dispatchable green and clean energy in addition to the reliability of rural power access.