In Vitro Anti-HIV Activities of Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds and Their Importance in Complementary Systems of Medicine: Role of Medicinal Plants in Complementary and Alternative Systems of Medicine

In Vitro Anti-HIV Activities of Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds and Their Importance in Complementary Systems of Medicine: Role of Medicinal Plants in Complementary and Alternative Systems of Medicine

Ajeet Singh
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 17
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4120-3.ch002
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Abstract

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients face great socio-economic problems in obtaining treatment. There is an urgent need for new, ecofriendly, safe, and inexpensive anti-HIV agents. Traditional medicinal plants are a valuable source of novel anti-HIV agents and may offer alternatives to expensive medicines in future. Various medicinal plants or plant-derived natural products have shown strong anti-HIV activity and are under various stages of clinical development in different parts of the world. Areca catechu Linn., Azadirachta indica A. Jusss., Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa, Argemone mexicana Linn, Hypericum indicum Linn., Terminalia chebula Retz., Plumbago indica Linn., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Curcuma longa Linn., Coleus forskohlii Andrews, Rubia cordifolia Linn. etc. reported promising anti-HIV potential. The chapter was directed towards discussion of anti-HIV activity of various medicinal plants and their natural extracts.
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2. Medicinal Plants With Antiviral Activities

2.1 Andrographis paniculataBurm F. (Acanthaceae)

Whole plant extract is reported to possess antimalarial, antimicrobial, immune-stimulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV activity. A phase I dose escalating clinical trial of andrographolide from A. paniculata was conducted in 13 HIV positive patients. Dose regimen was 5 mg/kg for 3 weeks to 10 mg/kg for 3 weeks and 20 mg/kg for final 3 weeks. A significant rise in the mean CD4+ lymphocyte levels in HIV positive patients occurred after 10 mg/kg dose. Andrographolide has been suggested to inhibit HIV induced cell cycle dysregulation leading to a rise in CD4+ lymphocyte levels in HIV infected patients (Calabrese et al., 2000). Otake et al. (1995) reported that A. paniculata aqueous leaf extract inhibited HIV-1 induced cytopathogenicity in MT 4+ cells in vitro and in vivo assay model, by inhibiting HIV protease and reverse transcriptase.

2.2 Areca catechuLinn. (Arecaceae)

Pharmacological studies demonstrated antibacterial, antimutagenic, anti-cell adhesive and anti-HIV protease inhibitory activity (Kusomoto et al., 1995). Seed extract of A. catechu contains procyanidins and are catannin-B1 which are responsible for HIV protease inhibitory effect.

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