OSM plays a crucial role in advancing sustainable development across the economy, environment, and society. It can foster economic sustainability by enabling infrastructure planning, disaster response, and energy efficiency. Moreover, OSM can contribute to environmental sustainability through resource management, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity protection. Additionally, OSM can promote social sustainability by empowering communities and supporting healthcare, education, and gender equality. Spatial analysis of OSM data can help to identify areas that need essential services, addressing social inequalities. OSM's vast capabilities, coupled with cloud computing, can further enhance its role in driving sustainable progress. Continuous efforts are required to enhance data accuracy and completeness in OSM using advanced techniques like machine learning and artificial intelligence while also promoting inclusive mapping involving marginalized communities.
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Over the years, cloud computing has garnered widespread recognition as the most effective method for executing and managing high-performance applications across a diverse range of domains (Kamanga et al., 2023). It is widely acknowledged for its versatility and efficiency in delivering computing resources and services to users and industries, enabling seamless and scalable performance across various sectors (Tank & Gandhi, 2023). Cloud computing, as a cutting-edge technology, has become deeply ingrained in our daily lives, much like the internet. For instance, cloud storage applications enable us to share vast amounts of data online without any geographical limitations. Likewise, cloud-based online meeting applications allow us to effortlessly share views, audio, and video online, transcending geographical boundaries (Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., 2023).
Cloud computing indeed exhibits several key characteristics that set it apart from traditional computing models such as on-demand self-service, easy-to-access standardized mechanisms, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, auditability & certifiability, and measured service (Hamdaqa & Tahvildari, 2012). Cloud Computing has become a widely accepted approach for constructing service-centric systems. Nonetheless, Cloud Computing does have limitations when it comes to handling massive amounts of data, specifically concerning ultra-low latency, high bandwidth, security, and real-time analytics. However, Fog and Edge Computing present viable solutions to address these constraints, offering alternative avenues to overcome the limitations of Cloud Computing (Kalyani & Collier, 2021).
The integration of cloud technology solutions enhanced the sustainability and efficiency of research and development, along with teaching practices, resulting in an overall improvement in the quality of education within academic institutions. Both public and private learning institutions should seize the opportunity presented by cloud infrastructure to ensure the delivery of high-quality services, even with limited resources at their disposal (Al-Rasheedi & Khan, 2021). The integration of IoT-based agriculture systems with relevant technologies, such as cloud computing, big data storage, and analytics, is instrumental in the implementation of smart farming practices (Farooq et al., 2019). The notion of smart cities has developed through the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) into diverse subsystems and processes within the urban environment. Advancements in digital technologies, including IoT, fog/edge/cloud computing, and cyber-physical systems, have transformed smart city applications (Ahmed et al., 2022). Leveraging advanced technologies, such as IoT, AI, cloud computing, real-time data analytics, and smart cities can strengthen their disaster preparedness and response capabilities (Munawar et al., 2022).