Plant Biogenic Nanoparticles as Antifungal Agents: Synthesis Characterization and Mechanistic Insights

Abstract

Fungal infections, causing over 1.5 million annual deaths, are a significant global health threat prioritized by the World Health Organization. Plant-based nanoparticle synthesis provides an eco-friendly, rapid, and stable alternative to traditional methods. This chapter reviews the synthesis, characterization, antifungal applications, mechanisms, and clinical potential of biogenic nanoparticles, which interact with fungal cell walls, disrupt cellular processes, and modulate immune responses. Synergistic effects with conventional antifungal drugs and incorporation into new formulations and delivery systems enhance their therapeutic potential. However, clinical translation faces challenges related to toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and regulatory issues. This chapter offers valuable insights into advancing antifungal therapeutics using biogenic nanoparticles to combat fungal infections globally.