Recent Strategies Inhibiting Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Bacteria to Combat Antibacterial Drug Resistance

Recent Strategies Inhibiting Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Bacteria to Combat Antibacterial Drug Resistance

Sakshi Tiwari, Swagata Deshpande, Bina Gidwani, Reena Gupta, Kapil Agrawal, Veenu Joshi, Neelu Joshi, Vishal Jain, Preeti K. Suresh, Amber Vyas
Copyright: © 2024 |Pages: 41
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-1540-8.ch009
OnDemand:
(Individual Chapters)
Available
$37.50
Current Special Offers
No Current Special Offers
TOTAL SAVINGS: $37.50

Abstract

Antibacterial drug resistance is a global issue that arises as bacteria adapt over time to certain medications, making illnesses more difficult to cure and raising the possibility of contracting a disease, getting sick, or possibly dying. Quorum-sensing communication routes are used by bacteria to control a variety of physiological processes and it relies on bacterial receptors, which are manufactured by bacteria, to recognize small signaling molecules called autoinducers. The activation of the genes necessary for biofilm formation occurs when autoinducers bind to receptors. The purpose and concentration of the chapter is to comprehend the process underlying the development of biofilms brought on by the quorum sensing system, which gives both gram-positive and negative microorganisms resistance to antibacterial medications. It also examines recent developments and strategies for bacterial biofilm breakdown with an emphasis on quorum-sensing inhibitors.
Chapter Preview
Top

Introduction

Definition of Antibacterial Drug Resistance

Meaning of Antibacterial medication tolerance - Antibacterial medication tolerance is an event which happens when microorganisms adjust over time, acquiring new opposition components, in presence of Antibacterial drugs. This renders the Antibacterial medications incapable in repressing bacterial development effectively (Zaman et al., 2017). The emergency of Antibacterial medication tolerance has been ascribed to the abuse of antibacterial.

Resistance to Antibacterial Drugs in History

Penicillin was once thought to be a magic medication for treating S. aureus, but as early as 1944, the first occurrences of penicillin resistance were documented, which was caused by the development of β-lactamase (Worthington & Melander, 2013). By 1950, these manufacturers of penicillinase were responsible for around 80% of hospital-acquired infections. Methampicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was initially reported in the early 1960s, not long after the β-lactamase-stable medicines, such as methicillin, were introduced (Staphylococci and Micrococci, 1881). Currently, the most pressing issue is that some bacteria have developed tolerance to current antibiotics. This can result in diseases becoming more severe and difficult to manage. And these non-susceptible microbes can also be transmitted from person to another. Prominent instances of Bacteria showing Antimicrobial resistance are: multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Ohmagari, 2014).

Objectives and Scope of the Chapter

The objectives of this chapter are:

  • (i)

    To shed light on the historical development and current status of Antibacterial drug Resistance due to quorum sensing and biofilm formation.

  • (ii)

    To demonstrate the vital functions of quorum sensing and bacterial biofilms in the development of antibacterial drug resistance.

  • (iii)

    To investigate novel tactics for combating antibacterial drug resistance, particularly developing strategies aiming at disturbing biofilm integrity and blocking quorum sensing pathways.

The scope includes an integrated approach that combines microbiology, biochemistry, and nanotechnology to provide a comprehensive knowledge of viable solutions to overcome antibacterial drug resistance.

Key Terms in this Chapter

Antibiotics: These are the agents that suppress or kill bacterial cells.

Gram Positive Bacteria: Prokaryotes which stain violet in gram staining because they possess dense peptidoglycan coating in their cellular walls, which preserves the crystal violet with which they are stained.

Antibacterial Drug Resistance: It refers to the situation where bacteria no longer get destroyed in the presence of antibiotics.

Gram Negative Bacteria: These are the bacteria which stain red in gram staining, owing to thinner peptidoglycan wall that does not hold the crystal violet throughout the decoloring process.

Nanocarriers: Nanocarriers are characterized as systems that load drugs into matrices with sizes ranging from 10-1000nm.

Bacteria: Bacteria constitute a class of microbes. They are primitive, unicellular organisms. Bacteria can be both pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic.

Biofilm: Bacterial biofilm is a structure created by bacterial colonies enveloped in their own secreted organic substances.

Quorum Sensing: It refers to intercellular signalling in bacteria which governs genetic elements’ expression, linked to biofilm formation, pathogenicity as well as other coordinated behaviours within bacterial colonies.

Complete Chapter List

Search this Book:
Reset