Smart Soil Monitoring System for Smart Agriculture

Abstract

Accurate and timely information is crucial to optimize resources. Sensors determine clay, organic matter, moisture, and nutrients of soil. Sensors at various locations are connected using different technologies. Its data will be automatically reported to cloud without any internet connection. Sensors broadcast data to local base stations (LBS) at different ranges of distances using WiFi, LPWAN, LoRa, Bluetooth, etc., and then to central base station (CBS), which is far away. Modulation, coding techniques, and line of sight keeps signal intact. Data from CBS goes to cloud for analysis, visualization, and trend analysis. This helps farmers to get frequent and real-time data without actual need of physical presence. It reduces manpower, water usage, and other costs of agriculture and has positive environmental impact. Integration with other data like weather forecasts gives more precise information. Convergence of technologies, sensors, cloud, automation, etc. without human interaction contributes to IoT.