The Commons Problem

The Commons Problem

Damla Önder (New York University, USA), Izzettin Önder (Istanbul University, Turkey), and Yagmur Onder (Purdue University, USA)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9083-6.ch001
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Abstract

In this chapter, the aim is to trace the relation between the ecological conditions as the most crucial issue of the commons and the economic system. The literature survey points to the economic system as the sole responsible agent for ecological crisis, besides natural cyclical situations, making the researchers concentrate on the economic system with the purpose of finding its relation to the problem of the commons. It should be emphasized that the reason the commons problem attracts the attention of researchers is the fact that most of nonappropriable commons have been privatized and became appropriable throughout time. Another related problem is that the commons problem cannot be confined solely to such commodities like pastures, fishing areas, and lakes from which people get immediate benefit; it covers quite a large area of events from the destruction of the ozone layer to the produced knowledge, yet bounded under patent rights and even human mind redressed by capitalist ideology.
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Introduction

God gave the world in common ~ (John Locke, in Sigmund, 2005: 31)

Under living conditions, heavy and irregular rain falls create obstacles to conducting normal daily lives together by causing big casualities with harmful effects on both material wealth and human bodies, sometimes causing severe injuries and even loss of lives, too. It is largely propagated at the present that, in the near future, there will be shortage of fresh water. Even if it is a rumor, it causes deep threat in the soul of humanity. As to the quality of vegetables and fruits used up to get daily energy and vitamins, there is a big doubt in general if the nutritive capacity of such commodities is sufficient. While living in big apartments far from the ground, when one intends to get out for a walk, one finds neither a proper green park nor any kind of recreational site to rest for a moment. It is well known that all these facts are not incidental, but they are systemic and the result of a system which provides the humanity with some other type of satisfaction, mostly in nature of material in exchange for lost and/or polluted atmosphere and mostly contaminated sites. The problem is that it is not known as to what the outcome would have been if the reason of unfavourable living condition was known in the past by the general public. In other words, it is quite doubtful whether the preventive measure could have been taken if the main cause was known and/or detected in the past. Therefore, the ignorance of the general public cannot be blamed for all unfavourable climate changes and even social conditions which slides down each day gradually, let alone making daily living conditions unbearable. However, it is easier said than done because the controlled inertia of human beings, and in most cases derived desires, prevent the general public to act decisively and take strict measures against ever operating economic machine and, whenever it is possible, to stop it. The crucial point is that there isn’t a single point or issue to cope with, but in this context, several junctions have to be attempted simultaneously at the same time to be of some cure to the problem. That is to say that the problem that humanity is facing has a ramified appearance of a giant machine operating with its huge amorph mechanical body on the one side, and ideological effects being injected drop by drop into the subconscious mind of the general public which prevents the society from becoming active and taking necessary measures to stop the ongoing process on the other.

When an issue attracts the attention of so many philosophers and theoreticians, it implies that the subject is very important. Therefore, it has been thought that the commons should be put to the focus as the bulk of conjunction points of all factors which are both creating detrimental effects on the society and banning the dynamic forces of the society to stop the process. In other words, the issue should be brought under the light of investigation in order to find out how such processes have happened and why politicians have been so dormant against this developing disaster in the face of ever increasing harmful environmental and humanitarian conditions. In this context, the commons is the proper terminology to lump almost all facts and their effects in.

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