Theory of the Firm, FDI, and Development in the Light of the Global Challenges: Modern Firms in the Era of Digitalisation and Green Transition

Introduction

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) often plays the role of a compass, indicating the priority, innovation-oriented, directions of transformation of the World Economy, and also characterizes the intensity of these changes. That is why the analysis of the historical dynamics of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Global FDI flows occupies an important place in scientific research, and their results have a significant impact on economic practice. Especially, at the stages of the global post-industrial infrastructural reorganization of the economy, the leading drivers of which are the green transition and digitalization of all spheres of socio-economic life. And the results of such an analysis point to the fact that by the end of the past, the beginning of the current decade, the World found itself in a new economic reality with such significant differences from the previous stage that it causes an urgent need for a critical analysis of the institutional architecture of new business ecosystems, including renewable energy, distributed green generating, smart grid systems and cyber security, etc., as well as testing the performance in the new conditions of the old theoretical and methodological tools, starting with existing theories of the firm, FDI theoretical models in the context of global innovation challenges and UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).