Threat Detection and Monitoring for Space Systems: Protecting Satellite Networks From Orbital Hazards Through Mathematical Approach

Abstract

Threat detection and monitoring for space systems is a crucial aspect of maintaining the integrity and safety of satellite operations in Earth's orbit and deep space. As the number of operational satellites, space debris, and space exploration activities increase, the need for effective monitoring and threat detection systems becomes paramount. Space systems are subject to a variety of risks, including collisions with debris, unexpected orbital shifts, and the potential for cyber threats targeting satellite operations. This chapter explores the theoretical foundations of space system surveillance, focusing on the detection of space debris, monitoring of orbital anomalies, and real-time tracking of potential threats. By examining the various detection methodologies such as radar, optical telescopes, and advanced sensor technologies, the authors provide an in-depth analysis of how current systems are being adapted to protect space infrastructure. Additionally, they address challenges in space situational awareness, including data fusion, decision-making algorithms, and international cooperation efforts. The study concludes by highlighting emerging technologies and the role of global collaboration in securing space systems from growing risks.