Abstract
Breast pain, also known as mastalgia, is one of the most common clinical issues women bring to the surgical outpatient department. The epidemiological, pathological, and radiological aspects are used to obtain a complete view of mastalgia. Most patients expressed concern about cancer rather than debilitating pain that would interfere with their everyday activities. The therapy of patients with mastalgia requires high-quality radiographic and pathology services. Reassurance and appropriate medical and surgical treatment for the source of breast pain can help to reduce morbidity and improve the disease's outcome. In this chapter, the investigation of several current therapies and yoga therapy are discussed for cyclical mastalgia (CM). The research also looked into the impact of current therapies on psychological outcomes. The results indicated that the biochemical clinical trial is effective with side effects, and the primrose oil and seed treatment is ineffective. To handle mastalgia sufferers, integrated yoga therapy provides a high-quality trial.
TopTypes Of Mastalgia
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Cyclical Mastalgia: The cyclical breast pain has evolved before 2-3 weeks of menstruation. The pain spreads from the upper arm to the axilla, often widespread and symmetrical. The patient between the age of 30 and 40 might have acute pain in one breast than the other, and it alleviates with the start of menstruation. Cyclical mastalgia may resolve spontaneously in up to 22% of patients and continue in 66%. However, it may disappear with a hormonal event such as pregnancy or menopause. Menopause may be a lifetime pain for many women if left untreated. It leads to the theory that cyclical mastalgia is caused by hormonal stimulation of the breast parenchyma, especially near the conclusion of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (Kang et al., 2022).
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Noncyclical Mastalgia: Typically, it is unilateral and restricted to a specific breast region. Noncyclical Mastalgia is more prevalent in the older age groups patients who are often perimenopausal are frequently diagnosed with this ailment. There are various causes of noncyclical mastalgia, such as (i) cysts, (ii) periductal mastitis, (iii) cooper’s ligament stretch, (iv) traumatic fat necrosis, (v) Mondor’s disease, (vi) diabetic mastopathy, and (vii) neoplasia. Noncyclical mastalgia is self-resolved in up to 50% of patients but may be more challenging to treat (Bolat et al., 2022).
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Mimic Mastalgia: It mimics the effect of mastalgia and is mistakenly treated for breast pain. The pain may cause by transferring the nerve root pain (as in cervical spondylitis) and herpes zoster to the chest wall. Another name for this type of illness is Costochondritis or Tietze’s illness. The reasons for non-chest wall pain are Ischemic heart disease, biliary pain, and peptic ulcer (Nissan et al., 2022).
Motivation and Purposes of the Work
The study provided in this chapter is on mastalgia. This chapter examines the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and pathological aspects of breast illnesses in women that manifest as mastalgia. The chapter organizes three goals (i) Analyze and manage the various causes of breast pain based on recently published proofs, (ii) Describe the breast pathologies we treat and compare outcomes, and (iii) Apply Yogic therapy in the treatment of mastalgia.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Yoga: It is a union of individual consciousness with that of the Universal Consciousness, indicating a perfect harmony between the mind and body, Man & Nature.
Premenstrual Syndrome: The cause isn’t fully understood but likely involves changes in hormones during the menstrual cycle.
Hormone Replacement Therapy: It is also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone therapy and is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause.
Progesterone: It is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.
Mastalgia: It is a tightness, tenderness, or sharp pain in one or both breasts that commonly occur and usually doesn’t mean anything is seriously wrong.