What is Informal

In response to the rapid population growth and rapid urbanization, governments and entrepreneurs worldwide are spinning off many types of green, blue, and silver policies to generate urban growth or to reduce the effects of grey, brown, and black economies that have negative growth activities. Central to the emergence of these economies is digital technology that is contributing virtual and white economy to the list. This chapter explores the motives underpinning the emergence of these economies; the key policy actors and their main activities, policy tools, and strategies and growth outcomes at various levels. The chapter starts with a short introduction and develops a conceptual framework with which to analyze the trends policy-goals that shape the growth activities and the emerging growth patterns and consequences at the subnational, national, and supranational levels.