They are the microscopic organisms that may exist as single-celled or in cell clusters form.
Published in Chapter:
Extremophiles and Their Application in Bioremediation
Himanshu Pandey (Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, India), Devendra Singh (Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India), Vinay Kumar Dhiman (Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, India), Vivek Kumar Dhiman (Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India), and Devendra Pandey (Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India)
Copyright: © 2022
|Pages: 19
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9144-4.ch009
Abstract
A microorganism dwelling in severe environmental conditions is termed an extremophile. These unfavorable environmental conditions include high salinity, toxin compounds, heavy metals, unfavorable temperature, and extremely acidic and alkaline pH. Microorganisms belonging to prokaryotes include true bacteria and archaea bacteria which prevail in harsh environments. In recent years, extremophilic, basically, archaea bacteria have been reported for their immense potential application in the bioremediation process. Bioremediation is a technique that utilizes microorganisms for the decomposition of organic and inorganic pollutants; anthropogenic activities are the basic cause of soil pollution, water pollution, and air pollution globally. Extremophiles are capable of producing enzymes that are thermolabile and can function normally even in extreme conditions. These enzymes and proteins can be utilized in the bioremediation process under extreme pH, heavy metal stress, and unfavorable temperature conditions. In this chapter, the role of extremophiles in bioremediation is discussed.